(All notations involved in these expressions are deﬁned in §S2 A 2.) E

5 [ 1 2 Θ( S − SR 0 ) ( dθ+ R dS − ℓκ0 )2 + 1 2 Θ( − S + SR 0 ) ( dθ− R dS − ℓκ0 )2] dS (where Θ( x) is the Heaviside step function)

1 Pith paper cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.

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