New high-redshift empirical T_e-based metallicity calibrations for strong-line ratios derived from direct oxygen abundances in 46 galaxies spanning z=1.4-8.7.
J., Saxena, A., Cameron, A
10 Pith papers cite this work, alongside 43 external citations. Polarity classification is still indexing.
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abstract
We present JADES JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy of GN-z11, the most luminous candidate $z>10$ Lyman break galaxy in the GOODS-North field with $M_{UV}=-21.5$. We derive a redshift of $z=10.603$ (lower than previous determinations) based on multiple emission lines in our low and medium resolution spectra over $0.8-5.3 \mu$m. We significantly detect the continuum and measure a blue rest-UV spectral slope of $\beta=-2.4$. Remarkably, we see spatially-extended Lyman-$\alpha$ in emission (despite the highly-neutral IGM expected at this early epoch), offset 555 km s$^{-1}$ redward of the systemic redshift. From our measurements of collisionally-excited lines of both low- and high-ionization (including [O II]$\lambda3727$, [Ne III]$\lambda 3869$ and C III]$\lambda1909$) we infer a high ionization parameter ($\log U\sim -2$). We detect the rarely-seen N IV]$\lambda1486$ and N III]$\lambda1748$ lines in both our low and medium resolution spectra, with other high ionization lines seen in the low resolution spectrum such as He II (blended with O III]) and C IV (with a possible P-Cygni profile). Based on the observed rest-UV line ratios, we cannot conclusively rule out photoionization from AGN, although the high C III]/He II and N III]/He II ratios are compatible with a star-formation explanation. If the observed emission lines are powered by star formation, then the strong N III]$\lambda1748$ observed may imply an unusually high $N/O$ abundance. Balmer emission lines (H$\gamma$, H$\delta$) are also detected, and if powered by star formation rather than an AGN we infer a star formation rate of $\sim 20-30 M_{\odot} yr^{-1}$ (depending on the IMF) and low dust attenuation. Our NIRSpec spectroscopy confirms that GN-z11 is a remarkable galaxy with extreme properties seen 430 Myr after the Big Bang.
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Systematic uncertainties in JWST stellar-mass estimates, amplified by Eddington bias, resolve the apparent requirement for unphysically high star-formation efficiencies in massive high-redshift galaxies.
Simulations predict ngVLA at 100 GHz can detect galaxies above 10^9 solar masses at any redshift while SKA low frequencies reach massive dusty galaxies to z=5-7.
Hydrogen atoms absorb gravitons at rates proportional to their number and graviton luminosity; the ratio of resulting photon luminosities can reveal graviton radiation due to helicity (1 vs 2).
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