For PEPS with strong injectivity above a threshold, belief propagation finds fixed points efficiently and cluster-corrected BP approximates observables to 1/poly(N) error in poly(N) time, with local perturbations affecting the fixed point only locally.
Belief Propagation and Tensor Network Expansions for Many-Body Quantum Systems: Rigorous Results and Fundamental Limits
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abstract
Belief propagation (BP) provides a scalable heuristic for contracting tensor networks on loopy graphs, but its success in quantum many-body settings has largely rested on empirical evidence. Developing upon a recently introduced cluster-expansion framework for tensor networks, we rigorously study the applicability of BP to many-body quantum systems. For a state represented as a PEPS satisfying a ``loop-decay" condition, we prove that BP supplemented by cluster corrections approximates local observables with exponentially small relative error, and we give explicit formulas expressing local expectation values as BP predictions dressed by connected clusters intersecting the observable region. This representation establishes a direct link between cluster corrections and physical correlation functions. As a result, we show that ``loop-decay" \emph{necessarily implies} exponential decay of connected correlations, yielding sharp, rigorous criteria for when BP can and cannot succeed, and ruling out its validity at critical points. Numerical simulations of the two- and three-dimensional transverse field Ising model at zero and finite temperature confirm our analytical predictions, demonstrating quantitative accuracy deep in gapped phases and systematic failure near criticality.
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Generalized belief propagation approximates tensor network contractions via hierarchical region messages and fixed-point solutions, demonstrated on Ising, ice, AKLT, and random tensor networks.
Tensor networks with belief propagation fail to simulate Google's quantum echoes OTOC experiment because the circuits produce largely incompressible entanglement.
citing papers explorer
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Algorithmic Locality via Provable Convergence in Quantum Tensor Networks
For PEPS with strong injectivity above a threshold, belief propagation finds fixed points efficiently and cluster-corrected BP approximates observables to 1/poly(N) error in poly(N) time, with local perturbations affecting the fixed point only locally.
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Contracting Tensor Networks with Generalized Belief Propagation
Generalized belief propagation approximates tensor network contractions via hierarchical region messages and fixed-point solutions, demonstrated on Ising, ice, AKLT, and random tensor networks.
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Tensor Networks with Belief Propagation Cannot Feasibly Simulate Google's Quantum Echoes Experiment
Tensor networks with belief propagation fail to simulate Google's quantum echoes OTOC experiment because the circuits produce largely incompressible entanglement.