Halos in Elias 2-24, IM Lup, and DM Tau hold 20-30% of total dust mass with cm-sized grains, helping resolve the disk mass-budget problem even though drift and growth timescales are shorter than disk ages.
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2 Pith papers cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.
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Simulations require 2000 Earth masses of pebbles to match observed disc gaps, but this produces mostly gas giants and few super-Earths, contradicting exoplanet data.
citing papers explorer
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Dust characterization of halos: The extended emission in protoplanetary disks
Halos in Elias 2-24, IM Lup, and DM Tau hold 20-30% of total dust mass with cm-sized grains, helping resolve the disk mass-budget problem even though drift and growth timescales are shorter than disk ages.
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Are the observed gaps in protoplanetary discs caused by growing planets?
Simulations require 2000 Earth masses of pebbles to match observed disc gaps, but this produces mostly gas giants and few super-Earths, contradicting exoplanet data.