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Multiple-Trace Operators and Non-Local String Theories

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abstract

We propose that a novel deformation of string perturbation theory, involving non-local interactions between strings, is required to describe the gravity duals of field theories deformed by multiple-trace operators. The new perturbative expansion involves a new parameter, which is neither the string coupling nor the coefficient of a vertex operator on the worldsheet. We explore some of the properties of this deformation, focusing on a special case where the deformation in the field theory is exactly marginal.

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  • Heat and work in black hole thermodynamics via holography hep-th · 2024-12-20 · conditional · none · ref 48 · internal anchor

    The paper derives first and second laws for composite black holes coupled through the boundary, with heat and work defined from boundary sources and bath energy flow.