Dark Energy

Dark energy deficient regions, if they exist, would produce measurable signatures in void expansion, peculiar velocities, and momentum power spectra, and could contribute to the Hubble tension.

arxiv:2611.11094 · astro-ph.CO · 2026-11

Two new f(T) gravity models allow the effective equation of state to cross w = -1, and their best-fit parameters from supernova, BAO, and CMB data fall in the crossing region.

arxiv:1008.3669 · gr-qc · 2010-08

Within a rigorously defined shortwave framework, small-scale matter inhomogeneities cannot mimic dark energy; their only background effect is a traceless, positive-energy effective stress tensor.

arxiv:1011.4920 · gr-qc · 2010-11

In f(T) gravity the linear matter growth equation matches general relativity with an effective Newton constant G/(1+f_T), so overdensities grow more slowly than in GR when f_T > 0.

arxiv:1010.3512 · gr-qc · 2010-10

Covariant Galileon cosmology's tracker solution is disfavored by combined supernovae, CMB and BAO data at roughly 4 sigma, and its general solutions are not favored over LCDM by information criteria.

arxiv:1010.0407 · astro-ph.CO · 2010-10

Weak lensing and peculiar velocity data together break the degeneracy between two modified-gravity parameters and are consistent with General Relativity, with a Euclid-like survey forecast to improve the constraints roughly tenfold.

arxiv:1011.2106 · astro-ph.CO · 2010-11

f(T) gravity models tuned to explain cosmic acceleration predict large-scale density and CMB perturbations that diverge from the standard cosmological model, severely constraining them.

arxiv:1103.2786 · astro-ph.CO · 2011-03

A barotropic dark energy component that behaves as dark radiation at early times can bring the effective neutrino number back to the standard value of 3.046, while conventional early dark energy cannot.

arxiv:1103.4132 · astro-ph.CO · 2011-03

Cosmological probes of the matter distribution, from the CMB to 21 cm surveys, currently bound the sum of neutrino masses at roughly 0.2 to 1.3 eV and are forecast to reach 0.05 eV or below.

arxiv:1103.5083 · astro-ph.CO · 2011-03

Combining 472 Type Ia supernovae with WMAP7, SDSS DR7, and a local Hubble constant prior gives w = -1.061 (+0.069/-0.068), consistent with a flat cosmological constant, with photometric calibration dominating the systematic error budget.

arxiv:1104.1444 · astro-ph.CO · 2011-04

Detection of baryon acoustic oscillations at about 4 sigma significance using 169,679 galaxy clusters yields volume-averaged distance measurements consistent with standard cosmology.

arxiv:2611.11587 · astro-ph.CO · 2026-11

ACT CMB lensing combined with WMAP power spectra breaks the geometric degeneracy and yields a 3.2-sigma CMB-only preference for dark energy, with Omega_Lambda = 0.61 +0.14/-0.06 at 68% confidence.

arxiv:1105.0419 · astro-ph.CO · 2011-05

Combining ACT 148 GHz and WMAP data, the primordial scalar power spectrum is measured in 20 log-spaced bins out to k about 0.19 per Mpc and is consistent with a single power law, with no detected features.

arxiv:1105.4887 · astro-ph.CO · 2011-05

Ekpyrotic and cyclic bounce models can replace inflation for the standard cosmological puzzles and make distinctive predictions, but the bounce itself remains the program's weakest link.

arxiv:1106.0172 · hep-th · 2011-06

A public C code computes Big-Bang nucleosynthesis abundances in standard and modified cosmologies, letting users convert measured light-element abundances into constraints on early-Universe expansion and entropy.

arxiv:1106.1363 · astro-ph.CO · 2011-06

Little rip dark energy can be distinguished from a cosmological constant by how its equation of state varies with scale factor, and coupling it to dark matter converts it into stable de Sitter expansion.

arxiv:1108.0067 · hep-th · 2011-07

Explicit static perfect fluid solutions exist in f(T) gravity, but most have constant torsion and dark-energy or negative pressure rather than ordinary stellar equations of state.

arxiv:1107.4455 · gr-qc · 2011-07

A late-time vacuum-to-dark-matter energy exchange lowers S8 without raising H0, offsetting part of the S8 increase from dark radiation or early dark energy, at modest significance (1.1–2.7σ).

arxiv:2611.11835 · astro-ph.CO · 2026-11

Teleparallel dark energy with a nonminimal torsion-scalar coupling is compatible with SNIa, BAO, and CMB data, and the fits mildly prefer a nonzero coupling.

arxiv:1110.0913 · astro-ph.CO · 2011-10

Stacked cosmic voids can act as a geometric probe of the cosmic expansion rate, and simulations suggest they would outperform BAO by roughly an order of magnitude for dark energy constraints.

arxiv:1110.0345 · astro-ph.CO · 2011-10

Galileon models that couple the scalar field to matter or to the Einstein tensor are largely ruled out by early-universe ghost and gradient instabilities, while the uncoupled model survives and predicts a distinctive no-slip de Sitter limit.

arxiv:1112.1981 · astro-ph.CO · 2011-12

Phantom dark energy with w < -1 can avoid a Big Rip yet still disintegrate bound structures, even when the universe asymptotically approaches de Sitter space.

arxiv:1201.4056 · gr-qc · 2012-01

Teleparallel dark energy with a nonminimal coupling xi T phi^2 has a stable de Sitter attractor with w = -1 for lambda^2 < xi, plus saddle critical points at infinity with arbitrary dark-energy density and equation of state.

arxiv:1202.3781 · gr-qc · 2012-02

Given only the field content of the dark sector, the second-order effective action plus spatial isotropy fixes linear perturbations in terms of a finite number of background-dependent functions.

arxiv:1203.0398 · hep-th · 2012-03

Finite-time cosmic singularities arise in f(T) torsion gravity and a T-squared correction term removes them, closely mirroring known behavior in f(R) gravity.

arxiv:1202.4057 · gr-qc · 2012-02

A fibre modulus in an anisotropic type IIB compactification can act as quintessence, with a radiatively stable mass near 10^-33 eV and sub-Planckian couplings to Standard Model matter.

arxiv:1203.6655 · hep-th · 2012-03

The BOSS CMASS DR9 galaxy correlation function, combined with CMB, supernova and BAO data, yields Omega_m = 0.285 +/- 0.009, Omega_k = -0.0043 +/- 0.0049, and w_DE = -1.033 +/- 0.073, with no detected deviation from flat Lambda CDM.

arxiv:1203.6616 · astro-ph.CO · 2012-03

Model-independent genetic-algorithm reconstruction of cosmological distances hints at a 3-sigma violation of the Etherington relation at z~0.5, alongside a new path-integral error method for genetic algorithms.

arxiv:1205.0364 · astro-ph.CO · 2012-05

Adding a cube-root correction term to viable F(R) gravity stabilizes dark-energy oscillations at constant frequency, and two exponential-gravity models with an R^α term produce inflation that exits into a ΛCDM-like phase with different e-fold numbers.

arxiv:1207.1009 · gr-qc · 2012-07

Joint supernova, CMB, and BAO data mildly favor (2.3 sigma) dark energy whose equation of state crosses w = -1, but Bayesian evidence shows little preference over a cosmological constant.

arxiv:1207.3804 · astro-ph.CO · 2012-07

A classical solution of the Lorentzian IIB matrix model gives a scale factor whose equation-of-state parameter drifts from -1 to -1/3, offered as a dynamical explanation for the smallness of the cosmological constant.

arxiv:1208.0711 · hep-th · 2012-08

Any null-energy-condition-violating dark energy implies observers boosted above a critical speed see unboundedly negative energy densities, and even w > -1 can hide such violation through imperfect-fluid heat flow.

arxiv:1209.2961 · astro-ph.CO · 2012-09

A 40 m dish with 50 feed horns and pseudo-correlation receivers could measure the baryon acoustic scale to 2.4% over 0.13 < z < 0.48 in about one year of on-source integration, according to a noise-only projection.

arxiv:1209.1041 · astro-ph.CO · 2012-09

An interacting dark energy model with a phenomenological coupling yields analytic expansion histories that match 194 supernovae, but the coupling itself is not constrained by the fit.

arxiv:1210.0396 · gr-qc · 2012-09

Cosmological dark matter simulations, from billion-particle zoom-ins to half-trillion-particle full-universe runs, are the interpretive layer connecting dark matter and dark energy theory to nearly every current detection and survey effort.

arxiv:1209.5745 · astro-ph.CO · 2012-09

A near-term 21 cm intensity mapping survey combined with Planck would place a 95% upper limit of 7e-5 on the f(R) scalaron parameter B0 and constrain about 20 modes of a general modified-gravity parametrization.

arxiv:1212.0728 · astro-ph.CO · 2012-12

Joint weak lensing and redshift-space distortion data are consistent with General Relativity, bounding present-day deviations in the two gravitational potentials at roughly the 25 percent level.

arxiv:1212.3339 · astro-ph.CO · 2012-12

Combining CFHTLenS cosmic shear with WMAP7, BOSS and a local Hubble-constant prior gives Omega_m = 0.283 +/- 0.010 and sigma_8 = 0.813 +/- 0.014, with spatial curvature disfavoured at moderate Bayesian odds.

arxiv:1212.3338 · astro-ph.CO · 2012-12

CMB data constrain early dark energy almost entirely through its presence at the epoch of last scattering; if dark energy only becomes non-negligible after recombination, the 2-sigma bound on its fractional density loosens from roughly 1.5 percent to roughly 8 percent.

arxiv:1301.5279 · astro-ph.CO · 2013-01

The paper lays out the concept, receiver chain, and prototype plans for the Tianlai cylinder array, a proposed 21cm intensity mapping experiment aimed at baryon acoustic oscillation measurements of dark energy.

arxiv:1212.6278 · astro-ph.IM · 2012-12

Second-order light-cone averaging in a perturbed concordance model leaves the mean flux nearly untouched but predicts an irreducible ~10% scatter in the distance modulus at high redshift, with a lensing slope near 0.056z.

arxiv:1302.0740 · astro-ph.CO · 2013-02

Combining galaxy clustering with CMB cross-correlations and discarding catalogs with identified systematics, the authors find no primordial non-Gaussianity: -36 < f_NL < 45 at 95% confidence.

arxiv:1303.1349 · astro-ph.CO · 2013-03

Redshift-space distortions in VIPERS galaxies at z = 0.8 give a growth rate f-sigma-8 = 0.47 plus or minus 0.08, consistent with standard gravity.

arxiv:1303.2622 · astro-ph.CO · 2013-03

Only four proposed explanations for the CMB hemispherical power asymmetry survive the homogeneity and quasar constraints, and each leaves a distinct multipole-dependent signature that Planck polarization data can test.

arxiv:1303.6949 · astro-ph.CO · 2013-03

Using the velocity-dependent one-scale model instead of assuming scale-invariant network evolution raises the predicted peak amplitude and broadness of the cosmic string gravitational wave background, which would tighten constraints on the string tension.

arxiv:1304.2445 · astro-ph.CO · 2013-04

A teleparallel dark energy model with a coupling function engineered so that alpha vanishes at the fixed point admits a stable scaling attractor with accelerated expansion, whereas constant coupling does not.

arxiv:1305.0474 · gr-qc · 2013-05

Planck data plus BAO give a dark matter fifth-force coupling beta = 0.036 +/- 0.016, and with Hubble Space Telescope data beta = 0.066 +/- 0.018, a preference driven by the H0 tension rather than by the CMB alone.

arxiv:1305.7457 · astro-ph.CO · 2013-05

A light dilaton arises naturally, with mass suppressed by a small near-marginal symmetry-breaking parameter, when the underlying theory has a line of fixed points whose quartic coupling crosses zero.

arxiv:1306.4601 · hep-th · 2013-06

A non-local infrared modification of Einstein's equations yields dynamical dark energy with a phantom equation of state w0 approximately -1.04, after one mass parameter is fitted to the observed dark energy density.

arxiv:1307.3898 · hep-th · 2013-07

Planck's inferred Hubble constant and cosmic age disagree with local measurements at odds of roughly 1:50 within flat LCDM, and the authors' evidence-ratio statistic T quantifies that disagreement on Jeffreys' scale.

arxiv:1306.6766 · astro-ph.CO · 2013-06

Two four-parameter variable-gravity models unify inflation and dark energy in a single scalar field and avoid a big bang singularity, predicting specific values for the spectral index and tensor-to-scalar ratio.

arxiv:1308.1019 · astro-ph.CO · 2013-08

Combining growth-of-structure measurements with distance measurements tests whether cosmic acceleration comes from dark energy or from modified gravity, and the planned surveys can reach roughly percent-level growth constraints over redshifts 0 to 2.

arxiv:1309.5385 · astro-ph.CO · 2013-09

Combining 113 new Pan-STARRS1 Type Ia supernovae with low-redshift samples and external probes yields w = -1.166 (+0.072/-0.069), 2.3 sigma from a cosmological constant, a tension that weakens below 2 sigma when WMAP9 replaces Planck.

arxiv:1310.3828 · astro-ph.CO · 2013-10

Bimetric gravity admits viable cosmologies only in restricted parameter regimes, and its minimal one-parameter version fits the Union 2.1 supernovae as well as ΛCDM while predicting a simple relation between w and Ω_m.

arxiv:1312.3208 · astro-ph.CO · 2013-12

Planck data constrain four interacting dark-sector models, with couplings consistent with zero at one to two sigma, and the previously claimed relief of the Hubble tension in Model I is shown to depend on the choice of priors.

arxiv:1311.7380 · astro-ph.CO · 2013-11

Any canonical quintessence potential reproducing DESI's apparent phantom crossing needs a minimum dark-matter mass loss and a coupling beta >= beta_min around 0.047 to 0.058, with 95% lower limits of 0.025 to 0.038.

arxiv:2611.12792 · astro-ph.CO · 2026-11

From the clustering of BOSS DR12 CMASS galaxies at redshift 0.59, the authors measure the expansion rate, angular diameter distance, growth rate, and matter density without assuming a dark energy model.

arxiv:1312.4889 · astro-ph.CO · 2013-12

An interacting dark energy model whose coupling interpolates between dark-energy-like early and dark-matter-like late has stable perturbations and is mildly favored by cosmological data.

arxiv:1312.6328 · astro-ph.CO · 2013-12

A coupled dark energy model fit to CMB, BAO, supernova, and redshift-space distortion data yields an interaction rate consistent with zero, with growth data tightening the upper limit.

arxiv:1401.5177 · astro-ph.CO · 2014-01

Four independent reconstructions of the Hubble rate and comoving distance from current data are consistent with a constant curvature parameter, but the errors are too large to discriminate FLRW from inhomogeneous models.

arxiv:1402.2236 · astro-ph.CO · 2014-02

Extrapolating 19 cosmic-chronometer H(z) measurements to z=0 with Gaussian processes gives H0 = 64.9 ± 4.2 km/s/Mpc, consistent with Planck and about 2σ below local distance-ladder values.

arxiv:1402.5429 · astro-ph.CO · 2014-02

Population synthesis of metal-free binaries predicts merging black hole binaries with chirp mass near 30 solar masses and a detection rate of order 100 per year, conditional on the Pop III star formation rate and on Pop I initial binary parameters.

arxiv:1402.6672 · astro-ph.HE · 2014-02

The R□⁻²R nonlocal dark energy model has stable perturbations and predicts scale-independent deviations from general relativity of a few percent in structure growth and lensing, with growth index γ ≈ 0.53.

arxiv:1403.6068 · astro-ph.CO · 2014-03

A phase-space analysis of f(T,T_G) gravity shows the model admits stable dark-energy attractors with quintessence, cosmological-constant, or phantom behavior, plus a scaling solution, for suitable choices of two free parameters.

arxiv:1404.7100 · gr-qc · 2014-04

Horndeski scalar-tensor gravity is a sub-class of the effective field theory of cosmological perturbations, with its background dynamics fixed by three time-dependent functions, and this review derives the resulting inflation and dark-energy predictions.

arxiv:1404.2684 · gr-qc · 2014-04

A full Hamiltonian analysis finds the original mimetic dark matter model can develop negative dust density for some initial conditions, while vector and tensor-vector-scalar variants have Hamiltonian constraints bounded below.

arxiv:1404.4008 · hep-th · 2014-04

A parametrized post-Friedmann closure removes the early-time superhorizon instability in interacting dark energy perturbations, demonstrated on one interaction model at a coupling fourteen orders of magnitude below the value the paper's own data fit prefers.

arxiv:1404.5220 · astro-ph.CO · 2014-04

A general 3+1 effective action, expanded to second order in scalar perturbations on a flat FLRW background, yields a single quadratic Lagrangian covering Horndeski, GLPV and Horava-Lifshitz gravity and reproduces their known ghost and stability conditions.

arxiv:1409.1984 · hep-th · 2014-09

The F(T,T_G) torsion gravity framework yields Friedmann equations whose numerical solutions can give inflation or late-time acceleration, but the claimed single unified description is shown only with different parameter sets for each epoch.

arxiv:1408.0107 · gr-qc · 2014-08

A uniform density perturbation can be simulated exactly by running standard N-body codes with a rescaled background cosmology and curvature, yielding percent-level measurements of the matter power spectrum's response to long-wavelength modes.

arxiv:1409.6294 · astro-ph.CO · 2014-09

Disformal scalar couplings source local fifth forces only through cosmological time derivatives, yielding a coupling bound of order an electron volt, far weaker than collider limits.

arxiv:1409.1734 · astro-ph.CO · 2014-09

Allowing the interacting dark energy coupling to take either sign, current data give beta = -0.0148 +/- 0.010, a mild preference for negative coupling that is about four times tighter once redshift-space distortion data are added.

arxiv:1409.7205 · astro-ph.CO · 2014-09

In mimetic F(R) gravity every stable late-time critical point has vanishing mimetic charge, so the late-time background evolution is indistinguishable from ordinary F(R) gravity.

arxiv:1501.00488 · gr-qc · 2014-12

A disformal term in the dark matter metric suppresses the conformal coupling at early times, letting large conformal couplings survive, while negative disformal couplings destabilize the scalar field.

arxiv:1501.03073 · gr-qc · 2015-01

A single scalar field with a steeper-than-exponential potential reproduces Planck 2015 inflation when its exponent is tuned above about 5, but late-time acceleration still needs a strongly tuned coupling to massive neutrinos.

arxiv:1502.03597 · gr-qc · 2015-02

Cross-correlating Planck 2015 CMB maps with NVSS, SDSS, WISE and the Planck lensing map yields a 4-sigma detection of the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect, consistent with Lambda-CDM expectations.

arxiv:1502.01595 · astro-ph.CO · 2015-02

The authors extend the Parameterized Post-Friedmannian framework to interacting dark energy, expressing the dark-sector coupling as twelve gauge-invariant coefficient functions and mapping several known models onto a few non-zero entries.

arxiv:1502.07297 · astro-ph.CO · 2015-02

Nine new ultra-faint Milky Way satellites, three likely dwarf galaxies including one at 380 kpc, were discovered in Dark Energy Survey data and appear to cluster around the Magellanic Clouds.

arxiv:1503.02079 · astro-ph.GA · 2015-03

The quasi-static approximation in dark energy and modified gravity models breaks down outside the dark energy sound horizon, requiring sound speeds above about 1% of light speed for current surveys and about 10% for Euclid.

arxiv:1503.06831 · astro-ph.CO · 2015-03

A nonparametric reconstruction of the dark-sector interaction from supernova distances finds no evidence for interaction when dark energy is a cosmological constant, and shows the signal is degenerate with the equation of state.

arxiv:1505.04443 · astro-ph.CO · 2015-05

Two interacting vacuum-energy models are fitted to Planck, BAO, supernova, Hubble, RSD and lensing data, and the coupling constant is consistent with zero in every case, leaving no evidence for an interaction between dark sectors.

arxiv:1506.06349 · astro-ph.CO · 2015-06

Hybrid metric-Palatini f(X) gravity, which mixes metric and Palatini f(R) terms, is argued to pass local gravity tests and to reproduce flat galactic rotation curves and cluster virial masses without dark matter.

arxiv:1508.04641 · gr-qc · 2015-08

For Euclid-like surveys, the effective-theory parameters of modified gravity plus a non-minimal dark matter coupling are constrained at the 1% to 0.1% level only when varied one at a time, because the Fisher matrices are singular.

arxiv:1509.02191 · astro-ph.CO · 2015-09

The minimum mass for hydrogen burning rises in beyond-Horndeski gravity, and the lightest observed red dwarfs bound the gravity-weakening parameter Upsilon to below about 1.6.

arxiv:1510.05964 · astro-ph.CO · 2015-10

Under a holographic dark energy model, Planck 2015 plus low-redshift data cap the sum of neutrino masses at 0.113 eV (95% CL), about three times tighter than the wCDM case, though that same model fits the data worse than Lambda-CDM.

arxiv:1511.02651 · astro-ph.CO · 2015-11

Eternal inflation generically produces infinitely many exponentially large regions with different low-energy physics, and anthropic selection among them is presented as the only currently available route to the observed tiny cosmological constant.

arxiv:1512.01203 · hep-th · 2015-12

The authors catalogue roughly a dozen published tensions between observations and the standard Lambda-CDM cosmology and argue that, taken together, they justify relativistic inhomogeneous models.

arxiv:1512.03313 · astro-ph.CO · 2015-12

Cosmic-chronometer Hubble-rate data combined with Planck 2015 tighten constraints on dark energy evolution, spatial curvature and the number of neutrino species, all consistent with a cosmological constant.

arxiv:1604.00183 · astro-ph.CO · 2016-04

After DESI and LSST, large gains in dark energy, inflation, and neutrino constraints remain available at higher redshift and on smaller scales, and the panel lists five project concepts that could capture them.

arxiv:1604.07626 · astro-ph.CO · 2016-04

Fitting four interacting dark-sector models to combined 2015 cosmological data leaves a small positive coupling from dark energy to dark matter, while the reverse coupling is driven to zero.

arxiv:1605.04138 · astro-ph.CO · 2016-05

Three viable f(T) gravity models fit to cosmic chronometers, SNeIa, BAO, and local H0 are consistent with ΛCDM, with the power-law model showing a marginal 2σ preference for a small non-zero deviation.

arxiv:1606.04359 · gr-qc · 2016-06

Five time-delay lenses are projected to yield an independent Hubble constant to better than 3.5 percent and to tighten cosmic curvature, dark energy, and neutrino constraints when combined with CMB data.

arxiv:1607.00017 · astro-ph.CO · 2016-06

A redshift-binned dark energy equation of state, phantom below z = 0.1, lowers the total chi-square by 6.76 relative to flat LCDM and yields H0 = 74.2 km/s/Mpc, matching the local measurement.

arxiv:1606.05965 · astro-ph.CO · 2016-06

The growth rate of cosmic structure measured from BOSS DR12 galaxy clustering at redshifts 0.38, 0.51 and 0.61 is fσ8 = 0.430, 0.452 and 0.457, each with roughly 12 percent uncertainty, consistent with Planck ΛCDM-GR.

arxiv:1607.03148 · astro-ph.CO · 2016-07

Two nonlocal gravity models built from R □⁻² R reproduce the observed cosmic acceleration and fit CMB, BAO, supernova and growth data at a level statistically comparable to ΛCDM with the same parameter count.

arxiv:1606.08784 · hep-th · 2016-06

Self-tuning of the cosmological constant is generic in beyond-Horndeski theory, but surviving solar-system tests and keeping Newton's constant unrenormalized requires a narrow subclass with f4 proportional to X^(-5/2) and/or s4 proportional to X^(-3/2).

arxiv:1609.09798 · gr-qc · 2016-09

Three clustering wedges from the completed BOSS survey, modelled with a one-loop resummed perturbation theory, yield w_DE = -0.996 +/- 0.042, Omega_k = -0.0007 +/- 0.0030, sum m_nu < 0.25 eV and gamma = 0.609 +/- 0.079, all consistent with LambdaCDM and general relativity.

arxiv:1607.03147 · astro-ph.CO · 2016-07

Simulated eLISA standard sirens constrain early and interacting dark energy competitively only when the deviation from LambdaCDM begins below redshift about six; an earlier onset is better constrained by the cosmic microwave background.

arxiv:1607.08755 · astro-ph.CO · 2016-07

A contracting-then-bouncing universe dominated by dark matter and dark energy reproduces the observed nearly scale-invariant spectrum and predicts a positive running of the scalar spectral index, a falsifiable signature distinct from inflation.

arxiv:1610.00938 · astro-ph.CO · 2016-10

Within a holographic dark energy cosmology the total neutrino mass is bounded at 0.105 eV (95% CL), roughly 25% tighter than in Lambda-CDM, but the same data fit that model worse than Lambda-CDM by Delta chi-squared of about 11 for one extra parameter.

arxiv:1608.00672 · astro-ph.CO · 2016-08