Determination of quark-hadron transition from lattice QCD and neutron-star observation

We determine the quark-hadron transition line in the whole region of temperature (T) and baryon-number chemical potential (\mu_B) from lattice QCD results and neutron-star mass measurements, making the quark-hadron hybrid model that is consistent with the two solid constraints. The quark part of the hybrid model is the Polyakov-loop extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model with entanglement vertex that reproduces lattice QCD results at mu_B/T=0, while the hadron part is the hadron resonance gas model with volume-exclusion effect that reproduces neutron-star mass measurements and the neutron-matter equation of state calculated from two- and three-nucleon forces based on the chiral effective field theory. The lower bound of the critical mu_B of the quark-hadron transition at zero T is mu_B = 1.6 GeV. The interplay between the heavy-ion collision physics around mu_B/T =6 and the neutron-star physics where mu_B/T is infinity is discussed.