Multi-state and non-volatile control of graphene conductivity with surface electric fields

Planar electrodes patterned on a ferroelectric substrate are shown to provide lateral control of the conductive state of a two-terminal graphene stripe. A multi-level and on-demand memory control of the graphene resistance state is demonstrated under low sub-coercive electric fields, with a susceptibility exceeding by more than two orders of magnitude those reported in a vertical gating geometry. Our example of reversible and low-power lateral control over 11 memory states in the graphene conductivity illustrates the possibility of multimemory and multifunctional applications, as top and bottom inputs remain accessible.