The Detailed Science Case for the Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer, 2019 edition

The MSE Science Team: Carine Babusiaux , Maria Bergemann , Adam Burgasser , Sara Ellison , Daryl Haggard , Daniel Huber , Manoj Kaplinghat , Ting Li

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Jennifer Marshall Sarah Martell Alan McConnachie Will Percival Aaron Robotham Yue Shen Sivarani Thirupathi Kim-Vy Tran Christophe Yeche David Yong Vardan Adibekyan Victor Silva Aguirre George Angelou Martin Asplund Michael Balogh Projjwal Banerjee Michele Bannister Daniela Barr\'ia Giuseppina Battaglia Amelia Bayo Keith Bechtol Paul G. Beck Timothy C. Beers Earl P. Bellinger Trystyn Berg Joachim M. Bestenlehner Maciej Bilicki Bertram Bitsch Joss Bland-Hawthorn Adam S. Bolton Alessandro Boselli Jo Bovy Angela Bragaglia Derek Buzasi Elisabetta Caffau Jan Cami Timothy Carleton Luca Casagrande Santi Cassisi M\'arcio Catelan Chihway Chang Luca Cortese Ivana Damjanov Luke J. M. Davies Richard de Grijs Gisella De Rosa Alis Deason Paola Di Matteo Alex Drlica-Wagner Denis Erkal Ana Escorza Laura Ferrarese Scott W. Fleming Andreu Font-Ribera Ken Freeman Boris T. G\"ansicke Maksim Gabdeev Sarah Gallagher Davide Gandolfi Rafael A. Garc\'ia Patrick Gaulme Marla Geha Mario Gennaro Mark Gieles Karoline Gilbert Yjan Gordon Aruna Goswami Johnny P. Greco Carl Grillmair Guillaume Guiglion Vincent H\'enault-Brunet Patrick Hall Gerald Handler Terese Hansen Nimish Hathi Despina Hatzidimitriou Misha Haywood Juan V. Hern\'andez Santisteban Lynne Hillenbrand Andrew M. Hopkins Cullan Howlett Michael J. Hudson Rodrigo Ibata Dragana Ili\'c Pascale Jablonka Alexander Ji Linhua Jiang Stephanie Juneau Amanda Karakas Drisya Karinkuzhi Stacy Y. Kim Xu Kong Iraklis Konstantopoulos Jens-Kristian Krogager Claudia Lagos Rosine Lallement Chervin Laporte Yveline Lebreton Khee-Gan Lee Geraint F. Lewis Sophia Lianou Xin Liu Nicolas Lodieu Jon Loveday Szabolcs M\'esz\'aros Martin Makler Yao-Yuan Mao Danilo Marchesini Nicolas Martin Mario Mateo Carl Melis Thibault Merle Andrea Miglio Faizan Gohar Mohammad Karan Molaverdikhani Richard Monier Thierry Morel Benoit Mosser David Nataf Lina Necib Hilding R. Neilson Jeffrey A. Newman A. M. Nierenberg Brian Nord Pasquier Noterdaeme Chris O'Dea Mahmoudreza Oshagh Andrew B. Pace Nathalie Palanque-Delabrouille Gajendra Pandey Laura C. Parker Marcel S. Pawlowski Annika H. G. Peter Patrick Petitjean Andreea Petric Vinicius Placco Luka \v{C}. Popovi\'c Adrian M. Price-Whelan Andrej Prsa Swara Ravindranath R. Michael Rich John Ruan Jan Rybizki Charli Sakari Robyn E. Sanderson Ricardo Schiavon Carlo Schimd Aldo Serenelli Arnaud Siebert Malgorzata Siudek Rodolfo Smiljanic Daniel Smith Jennifer Sobeck Else Starkenburg Dennis Stello Gyula M. Szab\'o Robert Szabo Matthew A. Taylor Karun Thanjavur Guillaume Thomas Erik Tollerud Silvia Toonen Pier-Emmanuel Tremblay Laurence Tresse Maria Tsantaki Marica Valentini Sophie Van Eck Andrei Variu Kim Venn Eva Villaver Matthew G. Walker Yiping Wang Yuting Wang Michael J. Wilson Nicolas Wright Siyi Xu Mutlu Yildiz Huawei Zhang Konstanze Zwintz Borja Anguiano Megan Bedell William Chaplin Remo Collet Jean-Charles Cuillandre Pierre-Alain Duc Nicolas Flagey JJ Hermes Alexis Hill Devika Kamath Mary Beth Laychak Katarzyna Ma{\l}ek Mark Marley Andy Sheinis Doug Simons S\'ergio G. Sousa Kei Szeto Yuan-Sen Ting Simona Vegetti Lisa Wells Ferdinand Babas Steve Bauman Alessandro Bosselli Pat C\^ot\'e Matthew Colless Johan Comparat Helene Courtois David Crampton Scott Croom Luke Davies Kelly Denny Daniel Devost Simon Driver Mirian Fernandez-Lorenzo Raja Guhathakurta Zhanwen Han Clare Higgs Vanessa Hill Kevin Ho Andrew Hopkins Mike Hudson Sidik Isani Matt Jarvis Andrew Johnson Eric Jullo Nick Kaiser Jean-Paul Kneib Jun Koda George Koshy Shan Mignot Rick Murowinski Jeff Newman Adi Nusser Anna Pancoast Eric Peng Celine Peroux Christophe Pichon Bianca Poggianti Johan Richard Derrick Salmon Arnaud Seibert Prajval Shastri Dan Smith Firoza Sutaria Charling Tao Edwar Taylor Brent Tully Ludovic Van Waerbeke Tom Vermeulen Matthew Walker Jon Willis Chris Willot Kanoa Withington

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classification 🌌 astro-ph.IM astro-ph.COastro-ph.GA

keywords universesciencescientificspectroscopicdynamicsexplorerfaintformation

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(Abridged) The Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer (MSE) is an end-to-end science platform for the design, execution and scientific exploitation of spectroscopic surveys. It will unveil the composition and dynamics of the faint Universe and impact nearly every field of astrophysics across all spatial scales, from individual stars to the largest scale structures in the Universe. Major pillars in the science program for MSE include (i) the ultimate Gaia follow-up facility for understanding the chemistry and dynamics of the distant Milky Way, including the outer disk and faint stellar halo at high spectral resolution (ii) galaxy formation and evolution at cosmic noon, via the type of revolutionary surveys that have occurred in the nearby Universe, but now conducted at the peak of the star formation history of the Universe (iii) derivation of the mass of the neutrino and insights into inflationary physics through a cosmological redshift survey that probes a large volume of the Universe with a high galaxy density. MSE is positioned to become a critical hub in the emerging international network of front-line astronomical facilities, with scientific capabilities that naturally complement and extend the scientific power of Gaia, the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, the Square Kilometer Array, Euclid, WFIRST, the 30m telescopes and many more.

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