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arxiv: 2104.13930 · v2 · pith:AKLDQGIN · submitted 2021-04-28 · astro-ph.CO · hep-ph

Searching For Gravitational Waves From Cosmological Phase Transitions With The NANOGrav 12.5-year dataset

Zaven Arzoumanian , Paul T. Baker , Harsha Blumer , Bence B\'ecsy , Adam Brazier , Paul R. Brook , Sarah Burke-Spolaor , Maria Charisi
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Shami Chatterjee Siyuan Chen James M. Cordes Neil J. Cornish Fronefield Crawford H. Thankful Cromartie Megan E. DeCesar Paul B. Demorest Timothy Dolch Justin A. Ellis Elizabeth C. Ferrara William Fiore Emmanuel Fonseca Nathan Garver-Daniels Peter A. Gentile Deborah C. Good Jeffrey S. Hazboun A. Miguel Holgado Kristina Islo Ross J. Jennings Megan L. Jones Andrew R. Kaiser David L. Kaplan Luke Zoltan Kelley Joey Shapiro Key Nima Laal Michael T. Lam T. Joseph W. Lazio Vincent S. H. Lee Duncan R. Lorimer Jing Luo Ryan S. Lynch Dustin R. Madison Maura A. McLaughlin Chiara M. F. Mingarelli Andrea Mitridate Cherry Ng David J. Nice Timothy T. Pennucci Nihan S. Pol Scott M. Ransom Paul S. Ray Brent J. Shapiro-Albert Xavier Siemens Joseph Simon Ren\'ee Spiewak Ingrid H. Stairs Daniel R. Stinebring Kevin Stovall Jerry P. Sun Joseph K. Swiggum Stephen R. Taylor Jacob E. Turner Michele Vallisneri Sarah J. Vigeland Caitlin A. Witt Kathryn M. Zurek
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keywords gravitationalphasesignaldatasetinterpretationnanogravstrongterms
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We search for a first-order phase transition gravitational wave signal in 45 pulsars from the NANOGrav 12.5 year dataset. We find that the data can be modeled in terms of a strong first order phase transition taking place at temperatures below the electroweak scale. However, we do not observe any strong preference for a phase-transition interpretation of the signal over the standard astrophysical interpretation in terms of supermassive black holes mergers; but we expect to gain additional discriminating power with future datasets, improving the signal to noise ratio and extending the sensitivity window to lower frequencies. An interesting open question is how well gravitational wave observatories could separate such signals.

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