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IML-ViT: Benchmarking Image Manipulation Localization by Vision Transformer

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arxiv 2307.14863 v4 pith:37XIDPEL submitted 2023-07-27 cs.CV

classification cs.CV
keywords manipulationartifactsimageiml-vitlocalizationmodelanswerbenchmark
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

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Advanced image tampering techniques are increasingly challenging the trustworthiness of multimedia, leading to the development of Image Manipulation Localization (IML). But what makes a good IML model? The answer lies in the way to capture artifacts. Exploiting artifacts requires the model to extract non-semantic discrepancies between manipulated and authentic regions, necessitating explicit comparisons between the two areas. With the self-attention mechanism, naturally, the Transformer should be a better candidate to capture artifacts. However, due to limited datasets, there is currently no pure ViT-based approach for IML to serve as a benchmark, and CNNs dominate the entire task. Nevertheless, CNNs suffer from weak long-range and non-semantic modeling. To bridge this gap, based on the fact that artifacts are sensitive to image resolution, amplified under multi-scale features, and massive at the manipulation border, we formulate the answer to the former question as building a ViT with high-resolution capacity, multi-scale feature extraction capability, and manipulation edge supervision that could converge with a small amount of data. We term this simple but effective ViT paradigm IML-ViT, which has significant potential to become a new benchmark for IML. Extensive experiments on three different mainstream protocols verified our model outperforms the state-of-the-art manipulation localization methods. Code and models are available at https://github.com/SunnyHaze/IML-ViT.

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Forward citations

Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. When 2D Cues Fail: Improving Image Manipulation Localization with Reliable 3D Geometry

    cs.CV 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A geometry-aware forgery localizer (GFrame) that selectively fuses monocular depth and surface normals with RGB features outperforms 2D-only baselines on eight public manipulation benchmarks.

  2. Can We Get Rid of Handcrafted Feature Extractors? SparseViT: Nonsemantics-Centered, Parameter-Efficient Image Manipulation Localization through Spare-Coding Transformer

    cs.CV 2024-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A sparse-attention vision transformer, trained without handcrafted feature extractors, reports state-of-the-art image manipulation localization and lower compute on four public benchmarks.

  3. Progressive Decision-Making for Localizing Open-Ended AI-Generated Image Forgeries

    cs.CV 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A progressive evidence-guided Mamba state-update framework for image forgery localization outperforms one-shot predictors, especially on AI-generated forgeries.

  4. VisGuard: Securing Visualization Dissemination through Tamper-Resistant Data Retrieval

    cs.CV 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A steganography pipeline keeps a 324-bit metadata link readable in visualization images after up to 60% local tampering or about 80% cropping.

  5. Leveraging Failed Samples: A Few-Shot and Training-Free Framework for Generalized Deepfake Detection

    cs.CV 2025-08 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A training-free nearest-neighbor detector built on CLIP intermediate features uses a small number of labeled examples from each new generator to classify deepfakes, reporting strong few-shot accuracy across three benchmarks.

  6. Unmasking Synthetic Realities in Generative AI: A Comprehensive Review of Adversarially Robust Deepfake Detection Systems

    cs.CR 2025-07 conditional novelty 3.0 of 10

    A systematic review of deepfake detection finds a pervasive lack of adversarial robustness evaluation across all modalities and calls for resilient, modality-agnostic detectors.

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