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Enhancing Low-Resource Language and Instruction Following Capabilities of Audio Language Models

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arxiv 2409.10999 v2 pith:7IUYO5LZ submitted 2024-09-17 cs.CL cs.AIcs.SDeess.AS

classification cs.CLcs.AIcs.SDeess.AS
keywords audiolanguagemodelsenglishlow-resourcemultilingualdatainstruction-following
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

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Audio language models process audio inputs using textual prompts for tasks like speech recognition and audio captioning. Although built on multilingual pre-trained components, most are trained primarily on English, limiting their usability for other languages. This paper evaluates audio language models on Thai, a low-resource language, and finds that they lack emergent cross-lingual abilities despite their multilingual foundations. To address this, we explore data mixtures that optimize audio language models for both a target language and English while integrating audio comprehension and speech instruction-following into a unified model. Our experiments provide insights into improving instruction-following in low-resource languages by balancing language-specific and multilingual training data. The proposed model, Typhoon-Audio, significantly outperforms existing open-source models and achieves performance comparable to state-of-the-art Gemini-1.5-Pro in both English and Thai.

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Forward citations

Cited by 9 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. AudioJudge: Understanding What Works in Large Audio Model Based Speech Evaluation

    cs.CL 2025-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    With prompt engineering (audio concatenation plus in-context examples), large audio models rank speech synthesis systems in line with human preferences, reaching up to 0.91 Spearman correlation.

  2. AV-Odyssey Bench: Can Your Multimodal LLMs Really Understand Audio-Visual Information?

    cs.CV 2024-12 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    A new audio-visual benchmark shows current multimodal LLMs perform barely above random guessing, with audio perception errors as the dominant failure mode.

  3. LLaSO: A Foundational Framework for Reproducible Research in Large Language and Speech Model

    cs.CL 2025-08 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    LLaSO releases a 3.8B speech-language model, 25.5M training instances, and an evaluation benchmark, claiming a normalized score of 0.72.

  4. Weakly Supervised Data Refinement and Flexible Sequence Compression for Efficient Thai LLM-based ASR

    cs.SD 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    EThai-ASR combines a self-refined Zipformer encoder with a Thai LLM and reports SOTA CER on Thai test sets plus a cosine-similarity frame pruning that gives 1.5-2.1x speedups in some modes.

  5. Enhancing Non-Core Language Instruction-Following in Speech LLMs via Semi-Implicit Cross-Lingual CoT Reasoning

    cs.SD 2025-04 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    XS-CoT trains speech LLMs to answer non-core language questions by generating an English reasoning chain before the final target-language answer, and a semi-implicit variant compresses that chain to cut latency.

  6. Contrastive Learning for Task-Independent SpeechLLM-Pretraining

    cs.CL 2024-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Contrastive pre-training that aligns speech and text across all model layers beats ASR-based pre-training and, with 10% of task data, matches or exceeds specialized models on translation and question answering.

  7. Speechless: Speech Instruction Training Without Speech for Low Resource Languages

    eess.AS 2025-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Fine-tuning an LLM on text instructions converted to Whisper semantic tokens enables it to understand spoken instructions at inference, bypassing TTS and speech instruction data.

  8. Typhoon 2: A Family of Open Text and Multimodal Thai Large Language Models

    cs.CL 2024-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Typhoon 2 improves Thai LLM performance through continual pre-training on curated Thai data and post-training, releasing text, vision, audio, and safety models.

  9. Breaking the Barriers of Text-Hungry and Audio-Deficient AI

    cs.SD 2025-06 reject novelty 4.0 of 10

    A proposed audio-native translation framework called MAST with fractional diffusion is described, but no evidence is given that it produces working translations.

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