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From Informal to Formal -- Incorporating and Evaluating LLMs on Natural Language Requirements to Verifiable Formal Proofs

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arxiv 2501.16207 v4 pith:F3KD7ODL submitted 2025-01-27 cs.AI cs.CLcs.PL

classification cs.AIcs.CLcs.PL
keywords formalreasoningfine-tunedllmsmathematicalmodelsachieveacross
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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The research in AI-based formal mathematical reasoning has shown an unstoppable growth trend. These studies have excelled in mathematical competitions like IMO and have made significant progress. This paper focuses on formal verification, an immediate application scenario of formal reasoning, and breaks it down into sub-tasks. We constructed 18k high-quality instruction-response pairs across five formal specification languages (Coq, Lean4, Dafny, ACSL, and TLA+) by distilling gpt-4o and evaluated against ten open-sourced LLMs, including recent popular DeepSeek-R1. We also fine-tuned several 7~8B small models to achieve comparable performance with Deepseek-R1-671B. Interestingly, we observed that fine-tuning with formal data also enhances mathematics, reasoning, and coding capabilities. Fine-tuned models are released at https: //huggingface.co/fm-universe.

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Cited by 2 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Requirements Development and Formalization for Reliable Code Generation: A Multi-Agent Vision

    cs.SE 2025-08 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    The paper proposes ReDeFo, a multi-agent pipeline that uses formal specifications and verification to generate reliable code from natural language requirements.

  2. CodeGrad: Integrating Multi-Step Verification with Gradient-Based LLM Refinement

    cs.SE 2025-08 reject novelty 4.0 of 10

    CodeGrad improves code generation by routing structured critic feedback into up to two refinement rounds, but its formal-verification claim rests on AI-written proofs judged by the AI.

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