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VIBE: Vector Index Benchmark for Embeddings

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arxiv 2505.17810 v1 pith:I4DZRX75 submitted 2025-05-23 cs.LG cs.IR

VIBE: Vector Index Benchmark for Embeddings

classification cs.LG cs.IR
keywords datasetsvectorvibebenchmarkbenchmarkingsearchapplicationsbenchmarks
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search is a performance-critical component of many machine learning pipelines. Rigorous benchmarking is essential for evaluating the performance of vector indexes for ANN search. However, the datasets of the existing benchmarks are no longer representative of the current applications of ANN search. Hence, there is an urgent need for an up-to-date set of benchmarks. To this end, we introduce Vector Index Benchmark for Embeddings (VIBE), an open source project for benchmarking ANN algorithms. VIBE contains a pipeline for creating benchmark datasets using dense embedding models characteristic of modern applications, such as retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). To replicate real-world workloads, we also include out-of-distribution (OOD) datasets where the queries and the corpus are drawn from different distributions. We use VIBE to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of SOTA vector indexes, benchmarking 21 implementations on 12 in-distribution and 6 out-of-distribution datasets.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Semantic Recall for Vector Search

    cs.IR 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Semantic Recall is a new evaluation metric for approximate nearest neighbor search that focuses only on semantically relevant results, with Tolerant Recall as a proxy when relevance labels are unavailable.

  2. ANN Search: Recall What Matters

    cs.IR 2026-06 conditional novelty 6.0

    ANN search quality is better assessed by 1/Ratio@k than Recall@k because the former tracks downstream task utility more closely while allowing substantially lower computational cost.

  3. Fast Approximate Vector Joins via Offline-Online Co-Design

    cs.DB 2026-03 conditional novelty 6.0

    A merged index and soft work sharing speed up approximate threshold-based vector joins by up to 56x, with a hybrid search improving out-of-distribution recall by up to 43%.

  4. LEMUR: Learned Multi-Vector Retrieval

    cs.IR 2026-01 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    LEMUR accelerates multi-vector retrieval by learning a neural network approximation to MaxSim and reducing it to single-vector search in latent space.