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arxiv: 2507.04287 · v1 · pith:6BGWOTE6new · submitted 2025-07-06 · ❄️ cond-mat.supr-con · cond-mat.mes-hall· cond-mat.str-el

Signature of gate tunable superconducting network in twisted bilayer graphene

classification ❄️ cond-mat.supr-con cond-mat.mes-hallcond-mat.str-el
keywords superconductivitytwistedbilayergate-dependentgrapheneinsulatingnetworkphases
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Twisted van der Waals materials provide a tunable platform for investigating two-dimensional superconductivity and quantum phases. Using spectra-imaging scanning tunneling microscopy, we study the superconducting states in twisted bilayer graphene and track their evolution from insulating phases. Gate-dependent spectroscopic measurements reveal two distinct regimes: under-doped ({\nu} = -2.3) and optimally doped ({\nu} = -2.6). In the under-doped regime, partial superconductivity arises, forming a network interspersed with non-gapped regions. At optimal doping, the entire unit cell demonstrates superconductivity, with gap size modulation showing an anti-correlation with the local density of states. This gate-dependent transition from an insulating phase to a modulated superconductor uncovers an unexpected spatial hierarchy in pairing behavior and offers direct microscopic insights to constrain theories of superconductivity in moir\'e systems.

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