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arxiv: 2507.16590 · v2 · pith:QENJ2BXSnew · submitted 2025-07-22 · 🌌 astro-ph.CO

Inference of matter power spectrum at z=0 using DESI DR1 Full-Shape data

R. Cereskaite , E. Mueller , C. Howlett , Tamara M. Davis , J. Aguilar , S. Ahlen , D. Bianchi , D. Brooks
show 43 more authors
F. J. Castander T. Claybaugh A. Cuceu A. de la Macorra S. Ferraro A. Font-Ribera J. E. Forero-Romero E. Gaztanaga G. Gutierrez C. Hahn K. Honscheid D. Huterer M. Ishak R. Joyce S. Juneau D. Kirkby A. Kremin O. Lahav A. Lambert M. Landriau L. Le Guillou M. Manera A. Meisner R. Miquel J. Moustakas S. Nadathur J. A. Newman N. Palanque-Delabrouille W. J. Percival F. Prada I. Perez-Rafols G. Rossi E. Sanchez D. Schlegel M. Schubnell H. Seo J. Silber D. Sprayberry G. Tarle B. A. Weaver P. Zarrouk R. Zhou H. Zou
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Pith reviewed 2026-05-22 00:03 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 🌌 astro-ph.CO
keywords DESI DR1matter power spectrumgalaxy clusteringΛCDMw0waCDMEffective Field Theorycosmological reconstructionCMB observations
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The pith

DESI DR1 data reconstructs the matter power spectrum at z=0 that fits both ΛCDM and w0waCDM models consistently.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper uses DESI Year 1 galaxy clustering data combined with CMB observations to infer the present-day matter power spectrum. It translates past clustering measurements to z=0 by assuming a cosmological model for the expansion history. Effective Field Theory is employed to model small-scale galaxy power spectrum effects more robustly. The analysis finds that both the standard ΛCDM model and the extended w0waCDM model with varying dark energy produce consistent results for the recovered power spectrum. This tests for any inconsistencies in the assumed expansion history between observed redshifts and today.

Core claim

Using DESI DR1 full-shape galaxy clustering data and CMB observations, the 3D matter power spectrum at z=0 is reconstructed assuming either the ΛCDM or w0waCDM model. The Effective Field Theory modelling of the galaxy power spectrum accounts for small-scale effects, providing a robust method to extract the power spectrum and test model consistency. Both models yield consistent fits to the inferred matter power spectrum, extending previous work with higher-quality data and showing no significant discrepancies.

What carries the argument

Reconstruction of the z=0 matter power spectrum from high-redshift galaxy clustering via cosmological model translation and Effective Field Theory (EFT) modelling of the galaxy power spectrum.

If this is right

  • The EFT modelling offers a more robust methodology than traditional approaches for galaxy power spectrum analysis from clustering data.
  • Discrepancies between galaxy clustering and CMB data would indicate inaccuracies in the assumed expansion history.
  • Both ΛCDM and w0waCDM models are shown to be consistent with the DESI DR1 data for the reconstructed power spectrum.
  • This work extends prior studies by incorporating higher-quality data to further test cosmological expansion histories.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The reconstruction method could be applied to future surveys with even higher precision to search for subtle deviations from these models.
  • If tensions appear in larger datasets, this approach would help isolate whether they arise from the expansion history or other aspects of structure formation.
  • Consistent power spectrum recovery supports using the same models to predict related observables like the halo mass function at z=0.

Load-bearing premise

The assumed cosmological model correctly describes the universe's expansion history from the galaxy redshifts back to the present day at z=0.

What would settle it

A substantial mismatch between the reconstructed matter power spectrum from DESI data and the predictions under both ΛCDM and w0waCDM after translation to z=0 would show the consistency claim does not hold.

read the original abstract

Measurements of galaxy distributions at large cosmic distances capture clustering from the past. In this study, we use a cosmological model to translate these observations into the present-day galaxy distribution. Specifically, we reconstruct the 3D matter power spectrum at redshift $ z = 0 $ using Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Year 1 (DR1) galaxy clustering data and Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) observations, assuming the $ \Lambda \text{CDM} $ model, and compare it to the result assuming the $ w_0w_a \text{CDM} $ model. Building on previous state-of-the-art methods, we apply Effective Field Theory (EFT) modelling of the galaxy power spectrum to account for small-scale effects in the 2-point statistics of galaxy data. The EFT approach offers a more robust methodology than traditional methods for modelling the galaxy power spectrum from galaxy clustering data, which can be used to test the consistency of the assumed cosmological model. By incorporating both CMB and galaxy clustering data across a range of redshifts, we can identify discrepancies between the datasets, which would indicate potential inaccuracies in the assumed expansion history. While previous studies have shown consistency with $ \Lambda \text{CDM} $, this work extends the analysis with higher-quality data to further test the expansion histories of both $ \Lambda \text{CDM} $ and $ w_0w_a \text{CDM} $. Our findings show that both $ \Lambda \text{CDM} $ and $ w_0w_a \text{CDM} $ provide consistent fits to the matter power spectrum recovered from DESI DR1 data.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

1 major / 1 minor

Summary. The manuscript reconstructs the 3D matter power spectrum at z=0 from DESI DR1 full-shape galaxy clustering data combined with CMB observations. Reconstructions are performed separately under the assumptions of the ΛCDM and w0waCDM models, with Effective Field Theory (EFT) modeling applied to the galaxy power spectrum to account for small-scale effects. The central finding is that both models yield consistent fits to the recovered z=0 matter power spectrum.

Significance. If the reconstruction is demonstrated to be robust, the work would provide a useful consistency test of expansion histories by translating high-redshift clustering measurements to z=0 and comparing against the assumed model. The combination of DESI DR1 data with CMB and the use of EFT for modeling offers a more flexible framework than traditional approaches, building on prior state-of-the-art methods with higher-quality data.

major comments (1)
  1. [Abstract and reconstruction procedure] Abstract and reconstruction procedure: The reconstruction of P(k) at z=0 explicitly employs the assumed expansion history and growth factor of the tested model (ΛCDM or w0waCDM) to translate observed galaxy clustering at z>0 into the z=0 frame. Because EFT nuisance parameters (bias, counterterms, stochastic terms) are marginalized under the same cosmology, any mismatch between the true expansion history and the assumed one can be partially absorbed into the reconstructed spectrum or fit quality. This model dependence is built into the pipeline, as confirmed by the abstract's statements that the reconstruction is performed 'assuming the ΛCDM model' and separately 'assuming the w0waCDM model.' A quantitative assessment of the residual sensitivity to this assumption (e.g., via mock tests with mismatched cosmologies) is required to substantiate the consistency claim.
minor comments (1)
  1. [Abstract] The abstract refers to 'higher-quality data' and 'previous state-of-the-art methods' without specifying the precise improvements in data quality, the k-range adopted for the EFT fit, or the treatment of scale cuts.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

1 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their careful reading of the manuscript and for the constructive comment on the reconstruction procedure. We address the point below and indicate the revisions we will make to improve clarity and robustness.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: The reconstruction of P(k) at z=0 explicitly employs the assumed expansion history and growth factor of the tested model (ΛCDM or w0waCDM) to translate observed galaxy clustering at z>0 into the z=0 frame. Because EFT nuisance parameters (bias, counterterms, stochastic terms) are marginalized under the same cosmology, any mismatch between the true expansion history and the assumed one can be partially absorbed into the reconstructed spectrum or fit quality. This model dependence is built into the pipeline, as confirmed by the abstract's statements that the reconstruction is performed 'assuming the ΛCDM model' and separately 'assuming the w0waCDM model.' A quantitative assessment of the residual sensitivity to this assumption (e.g., via mock tests with mismatched cosmologies) is required to substantiate the consistency claim.

    Authors: We agree that the reconstruction procedure is explicitly model-dependent by construction: the expansion history and growth factor of the assumed cosmology (ΛCDM or w0waCDM) are used to map the observed galaxy clustering to z=0, and the EFT nuisance parameters are marginalized within that same framework. This dependence is stated in the abstract and methods. The goal of the analysis is to test whether the recovered z=0 matter power spectrum remains consistent with each model's predictions when the DESI DR1 full-shape data are combined with CMB constraints. Performing the exercise separately for both models and finding consistency in each case provides a direct check for gross inconsistencies that would appear if the true expansion history differed substantially from the assumed one. We acknowledge, however, that a dedicated set of mock tests with deliberately mismatched cosmologies would offer a more quantitative bound on residual sensitivity. In the revised manuscript we will add an explicit discussion paragraph clarifying this built-in model dependence, explaining how the dual-model approach mitigates its impact on the consistency conclusion, and noting the value of future mock-based validation studies. We therefore mark this revision as partial. revision: partial

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity; reconstruction uses standard model assumptions without reducing claims to inputs by construction

full rationale

The paper reconstructs the z=0 matter power spectrum by translating DESI galaxy clustering data using an assumed expansion history (LambdaCDM or w0waCDM) plus CMB, then applies EFT modeling with marginalized nuisance parameters. This is a conventional forward-modeling step rather than a definitional loop or fitted input renamed as prediction. The consistency claim compares results obtained separately under each model assumption; no equations or self-citations are shown that force the recovered P(k) or fit quality to match the input cosmology by construction. The derivation remains self-contained against external benchmarks such as independent CMB constraints and EFT validity ranges.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

1 free parameters · 1 axioms · 0 invented entities

The central claim rests on standard cosmological assumptions and EFT parameters that are fitted to the data rather than derived from first principles.

free parameters (1)
  • EFT bias and counterterm parameters
    Multiple nuisance parameters in the Effective Field Theory model of the galaxy power spectrum are fitted to the DESI data.
axioms (1)
  • domain assumption LambdaCDM or w0waCDM correctly describes the expansion history from observed redshifts to z=0
    Invoked when translating galaxy clustering observations into the present-day matter power spectrum.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 6100 in / 1301 out tokens · 52292 ms · 2026-05-22T00:03:50.333774+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

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