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Report of the Dark Energy Task Force
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Dark energy appears to be the dominant component of the physical Universe, yet there is no persuasive theoretical explanation for its existence or magnitude. The acceleration of the Universe is, along with dark matter, the observed phenomenon that most directly demonstrates that our theories of fundamental particles and gravity are either incorrect or incomplete. Most experts believe that nothing short of a revolution in our understanding of fundamental physics will be required to achieve a full understanding of the cosmic acceleration. For these reasons, the nature of dark energy ranks among the very most compelling of all outstanding problems in physical science. These circumstances demand an ambitious observational program to determine the dark energy properties as well as possible.
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Cited by 57 Pith papers
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Modeling the impact of filter-substrate refraction in the Roman point spread function
Filter-substrate refraction causes dominant lateral shifts yielding 0.3-0.4% PSF size and ellipticity residuals across most Roman bands that exceed weak lensing requirements by an order of magnitude, while longitudina...
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Euclid preparation. Decomposing components of the extragalactic background light using multi-band intensity mapping cross-correlations
Multi-band EBL intensity mapping cross-correlated with cosmic shear and galaxy clustering recovers IHL, IGL, and EoR parameters with 10-35% smaller uncertainties than intensity mapping alone.
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Constraining Dynamical Dark Energy from Galaxy Clustering with Simulation-Based Priors
Adding BOSS galaxy clustering with simulation-based priors modeled as Gaussian mixtures shifts the DESI plus CMB plus supernova constraints on dark energy toward a cosmological constant and improves the w0-wa figure o...
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Charting the expansion of the Universe from z$\sim$0 to z$\sim$14 with HII galaxies
Using the HII-galaxy luminosity–velocity-dispersion relation, the authors extend the Hubble diagram to z≈14 and derive h=0.725±0.040, Ωm=0.308, and w consistent with ΛCDM.
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Efficient Optimal Image Reconstruction for the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope and Beyond: II. Implementation of {\sc Effortless}
Effortless reconstructs individual undersampled Roman images into uniform-PSF oversampled images; finite-sampling residuals are reduced by post-measurement calibration on subpixel positions.
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Dark Energy Survey Year 3 results: optimized $w$CDM simulation-based inference with weak lensing map-level hybrid statistics
DES Y3 weak lensing analysis with hybrid map-level statistics and simulation-based inference yields S8 = 0.808 ± 0.017, Ωm = 0.325 ± 0.024, and w < -0.766, improving the figure of merit by 60% over prior state-of-the-art.
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pop-cosmos: Disentangling galaxy properties from observables using data-driven approaches
Rest-frame optical galaxy SEDs from a 16-parameter SPS model are captured by five disentangled VAE latents (mass, young stars, dust, soft/hard ionization); metallicity and age are not independent drivers.
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Constraints on Dynamical Dark Energy from Multiple Probes in the Full Dark Energy Survey
Full DES data from SN+BAO+3x2pt yields w0=-0.84, wa=-0.44 with 2.2σ deviation from ΛCDM; adding DESI+CMB reaches 3.0σ while 3x2pt improves figure of merit by ~10%.
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From DES to KiDS: Domain adaptation for cross-survey detection of low-surface-brightness galaxies
Domain adaptation with an ensemble of CNN and transformer models trained on DES detects 20,180 LSBGs and 434 UDGs in KiDS DR5, with structural parameters and environmental trends consistent with known samples.
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A sound horizon independent measurement of $H_0$ from BOSS, DESI and DES Y3
Combining BOSS power spectrum and bispectrum with DESI and DES lensing data yields a sound-horizon-free H0 = 70.2 ± 2.3 km/s/Mpc, with a 1.8σ BAO scale deviation that is scale-cut dependent.
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Optimizing Deep Learning Photometric Redshifts for the Roman Space Telescope with HST/CANDELS
PITA, a new semi-supervised deep learning algorithm, outperforms prior photo-z methods by using a triple-task loss on images, colors, and available redshifts to produce a smooth latent space.
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Investigating the Dark Energy Constraint from Strongly Lensed AGN at LSST-Scale
A simulated sample of 800 LSST lensed AGN, analyzed with a new hierarchical time-delay inference code, is forecast to yield ~2.5% H0 precision and a dark-energy figure of merit of 6.7 in w0waCDM.
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Modeling nonlinear scales for dynamical dark energy cosmologies with COLA
COLA-based hybrid emulator reproduces nonlinear power spectrum boosts in w0wa models to <2% error vs EuclidEmulator2 and produces <0.3σ shifts in LSST-like cosmic shear parameter constraints.
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J-PLUS: Tomographic analysis of galaxy angular density and redshift fluctuations in Data Release 3. Constraints on photo-$z$ errors, linear bias, and peculiar velocities
Tomographic fits to J-PLUS DR3 angular density and redshift fluctuations give galaxy bias rising from 0.9 to 1.5 between z=0.05 and z=0.15 and photo-z errors about 40% larger than LePhare's estimate.
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Diagnosing Systematic Effects Using the Inferred Initial Power Spectrum
The inferred initial matter power spectrum from the SELFI algorithm reveals misspecified galaxy bias, selection, mask, redshift, and gravity models, exposing a >2σ cosmological bias before parameter inference.
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Weak Lensing Reconstruction by Counting Galaxies: Improvement with DES Y3 Galaxies
A lensing convergence map reconstructed from DES Y3 galaxy count magnification correlates with cosmic shear at 9-20 sigma, and its auto-correlation agrees with theory for the two lower redshift bins.
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Mitigating Imaging Systematics for DESI 2024 Emission Line Galaxies and Beyond
Imaging systematics corrections for DESI DR1 ELGs agree across methods; BAO is robust, and a 3D selection function is required for the 0.6<z<0.8 extension.
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DESI 2024 VII: Cosmological Constraints from the Full-Shape Modeling of Clustering Measurements
DESI DR1 full-shape clustering yields Ω_m = 0.2962 ± 0.0095 and σ_8 = 0.842 ± 0.034 in flat ΛCDM, tightening to H_0 = 68.40 ± 0.27 km/s/Mpc with CMB and DESY3, while favoring w_0 > -1, w_a < 0 and limiting neutrino ma...
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Overview of the Instrumentation for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument
DESI's instrumentation, including a 3.2-degree prime-focus corrector, 5020 fiber positioners across ten petals, and ten three-channel spectrographs, has been successfully installed and meets all performance goals for ...
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LSST: from Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products
LSST will image 18,000 square degrees of sky about 800 times across six bands over 10 years to a coadded depth of r~27.5, producing a public database of 40 billion objects and 32 trillion observations.
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Fisher Forecasting for the DESC with $\texttt{Augur}$
Augur is a validated DESC Fisher-forecasting pipeline whose Y1/Y10 3x2pt constraints match nested sampling and external forecast codes when derivative step sizes and redshift sampling are chosen in a stable regime.
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Do we really need alternatives to the $\omega_0\omega_a$CDM parameterization after the DESI DR2?
In a common physically motivated pivot basis, the standard CPL parameterization is mildly preferred over the fafbCDM density expansion and reproduces quintessence backgrounds at least as well.
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Validation of the DESI DR2 Ly$\alpha$ forest full-shape analysis
The DESI DR2 Lyman-alpha full-shape analysis passes validation for BAO and Alcock-Paczynski parameters on 400 mocks and blinded data, while f-sigma-8 is rejected due to a roughly 10% mock bias.
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Searching for signatures of inflationary massive fields in DESI Imaging data and Stage-V galaxy surveys
DESI Imaging yields no robust beyond-local PNG detection, while Stage-V LBG forecasts give σ(Δ)≈0.17–0.50 near the local limit for f_NL,Δ^fid=4 and an empirical link to σ(f_NL^loc).
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Identifying Kilonovae in the Presence of Optical Afterglow for the Wide-Field Survey Telescope
A Fisher-matrix simulation of WFST kilonova identification shows >80% recovery efficiency within ~600 Mpc for AT2017gfo-like events, with a fast-saturating color filter and a proposed g/r→z observing strategy.
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pop-cosmos: Galaxy size evolution across structural and star-formation classifications in COSMOS-Web
Galaxy size-mass relations exhibit double power-law breaks at different pivot masses for quiescent versus bulge-dominated samples, coinciding with AGN activity scales.
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Bounding the Effect of HOD Assumptions on Small-Scale Clustering Constraints
The fraction of AbacusSummit cosmologies excluded at 3σ by small-scale clustering multipoles drops from 81% to 25% when moving from fixed HOD parameters to broad marginalization over the five-parameter HOD model.
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UNIONS-3500 Weak Lensing: III. 2D Cosmological Constraints in Configuration Space
UNIONS-3500 weak lensing data yields S_8 = 0.831^{+0.067}_{-0.078} in flat LCDM from 2D cosmic shear, consistent with Planck within 1 sigma.
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IRMaGiC: Extending Luminous Red Galaxy Selection into the Infrared with Joint Rubin Observatory's Large Survey of Space Time and Roman's High Latitude Imaging Survey
IRMaGiC extends redMaGiC to z=1-2 using joint LSST optical and Roman infrared data, reducing photo-z scatter and bias for LRGs.
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Controlled Tension Forecasting: Quantifying Cross-Probe Biases in $\omega_0\omega_a$CDM
Controlled mock analyses show that cross-probe calibration tensions — in matter density, H0, supernova brightness, or sound horizon — can fake 3–10σ apparent dynamical-dark-energy signals while the true cosmology is ΛCDM.
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Reanalyzing DESI DR1: 2. Constraints on Dark Energy, Spatial Curvature, and Neutrino Masses
Reanalysis of DESI full-shape clustering data tightens constraints on neutrino mass, spatial curvature, and dark energy equation-of-state parameters relative to BAO-only results.
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Machine Learning Assisted Parameter-Space Searches for Lensed Gravitational Waves
Normalizing flow based non-Gaussian consistency tests in a compressed detector basis select GW170104-GW170814 as the only promising lensed pair in GWTC-3.
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Bayesian and frequentist perspectives agree on dynamical dark energy
Frequentist profile-likelihood constraints on the CPL dark-energy parameters w0 and wa agree with Bayesian posteriors across DESI, CMB, and SN datasets, corroborating the evidence for dynamical dark energy.
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Fishing for the Optimal Roman High Latitude Time Domain Survey: Cosmological Constraints for 1,000 Possible Surveys
A Fisher-matrix study of 1,000 Roman HLTDS designs finds that roughly 20% prism, 30-40% wide imaging, and the rest deep imaging is the most promising allocation, and releases covariance matrices.
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An independent estimate of H(z) at z = 0.5 from the stellar ages of brightest cluster galaxies
An independent cosmic chronometer measurement of H(z) at z=0.5 using only brightest cluster galaxies yields 72.1 ± 34.7 km/s/Mpc, too imprecise to resolve the Hubble tension.
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Testing the cosmic distance duality relation using Type Ia supernovae and BAO observations
BAO and supernova data are consistent with the cosmic distance duality relation, and a new marginalization over the absolute magnitude and sound horizon scale makes the test independent of those nuisance parameters.
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Improving cosmological constraints via galaxy intrinsic alignment in full-shape analysis
A Fisher forecast shows that adding full-shape intrinsic alignment information to galaxy clustering tightens cosmological constraints, particularly for dark energy and non-flat modified-gravity models.
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Modelling the matter bispectrum at small scales in modified gravity
No existing matter-bispectrum model is accurate enough for Stage IV lensing surveys across the tested modified gravity theories, and a halo-model-corrected fitting formula is the most accurate option tested.
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Weak lensing measurements of the APEX-SZ galaxy cluster sample
The paper provides weak lensing masses for 39 APEX-SZ clusters and a three-colour background selection method that reduces cosmic-variance scatter in the mean lensing depth by 20-40%.
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Prospects of strongly lensed repeating fast radio bursts: complementary constraints on dark energy evolution
Forecast shows time delays from 30 lensed repeating FRBs can double the figure of merit for dark energy equation-of-state constraints when combined with CMB and SNIa data.
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The Status of Single Scalar Field Dark Energy
Cosmological data can constrain only a handful of EFT parameters for single-scalar dark energy; extended models show modest preference over Λ but remain underdetermined and challenged by fifth forces and screening.
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Cosmology from Nx2pt Analyses of SKAO Wide-Area Surveys
SKA-Mid AA4 N×2pt combinations of continuum and HI surveys are forecast to deliver ~1% precision on ΛCDM parameters and useful constraints on w0–wa, Mν and Ωk.
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Constraining dark energy with complementary probes of large-scale structure
Adding DESI DR1 RSD, DES Y3 3x2pt, and ISW cross-correlations to CMB+BAO+SNe improves FoM for EFTofDE parameters {cB, cM} by 2.69x and for {mu(z), Sigma(z)} by 3.37x, with 2.9 sigma deviation from LambdaCDM similar to...
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The sound of dynamical dark energy and modified gravity
Using CMB, SN, BAO and shear data, the work shows dynamical dark energy in MG models correlates with deviations from GR below z=2 at >95% CL, a link that holds for varying sound speed but vanishes for a cosmological constant.
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ProMage: fast galaxy magnitudes emulation combining SED forward-modelling and machine learning
ProMage predicts ProSpect galaxy magnitudes in five HSC bands with ~0.01 magnitude errors and a 10,000x speedup, based on 10 million simulated galaxies.
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Inference of matter power spectrum at z=0 using DESI DR1 Full-Shape data
The matter power spectrum at z=0 inferred from DESI DR1 full-shape data is consistent with both LambdaCDM and w0waCDM when combined with CMB observations via EFT modeling.
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Initial Characterization of Stellar Photometry of Roman images from the OpenUniverse Simulations
Effective PSF models on OpenUniverse Roman simulations recover stellar fluxes to 0.6-1.2% precision, with up to 20% improvement from dividing chips into sub-SCAs and measured non-linearity exceeding some requirements.
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DESI DR2 Results I: Baryon Acoustic Oscillations from the Lyman Alpha Forest
DESI DR2 delivers 0.65% precision BAO measurements from the LyA forest at z_eff=2.33, with D_H/r_d = 8.632 ± 0.098 ± 0.026 and D_M/r_d = 38.99 ± 0.52 ± 0.12.
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Searching for Dark Matter with MeVCube
Using Fisher forecasting, the author shows that a 2U to 12U MeVCube CubeSat could probe new dark matter parameter space for evaporating primordial black holes and MeV-scale decaying or annihilating dark matter.
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What do we learn by mapping dark energy to a single value of $w$?
Fitting time-varying dark energy to a single constant equation of state returns the model's w at a pivot redshift near z=0.2, with model-dependent scatter between 0.17 and 0.25.
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MUltiplexed Survey Telescope (MUST) Science White Paper I: Overview of Large-Scale Structure Cosmology in the Era of Stage-V Spectroscopic Surveys
MUST is a planned 6.5m Stage-V spectroscopic survey telescope targeting 100M+ galaxies and quasars to z~5.5 for large-scale structure cosmology studies.
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Union Through UNITY: Cosmology with 2,000 SNe Using a Unified Bayesian Framework
Union3 compilation of 2087 SNe Ia with UNITY1.5 framework shows 1.7-2.6 sigma tension with LambdaCDM and possible thawing dark energy.
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Direct detection of the cosmic expansion: the redshift drift and the flux drift
Redshift drift and flux drift signals could enable SKA1-mid to detect cosmic expansion and acceleration by the mid-2030s if flux stability reaches 10^{-6}, earlier than ELT or full SKA.
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Interstellar Scintillation of Three Nearby Pulsars with FAST
FAST observations of three pulsars detect scintillation arcs whose curvatures scale as ν^{-2} with frequency, locating scattering screens at 30-420 pc.
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Dark Energy After DESI DR2: Observational Status, Reconstructions, and Physical Models
DESI DR2 data reveals a mild mismatch for flat LambdaCDM in CMB-calibrated fits, with evolving dark energy models like CPL improving the fit in a dataset-dependent manner sensitive to supernova calibration residuals a...
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Mapping luminous and dark matter in the Universe
A review/vision essay argues that baryonic effects on the clustering of matter, a key systematic for upcoming lensing surveys, can be modeled and calibrated through a combination of simulations and new observables.
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Dark energy and cosmic acceleration
A review chapter summarizing the history, theory, and current observations of dark energy, presenting no new research results.
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