Persistent Interfacial Topological Hall Effect Demonstrating Electrical Readout of Topological Spin Structures in Insulators

arxiv: 2509.13445 · v2 · submitted 2025-09-16 · ❄️ cond-mat.mtrl-sci · cond-mat.mes-hall

Persistent Interfacial Topological Hall Effect Demonstrating Electrical Readout of Topological Spin Structures in Insulators

Jing Li , Huilin Lai , Andrew H. Comstock , Aeron McConnell , Bharat Giri , Yu Yun , Tianhao Zhao , Xiao Wang

show 7 more authors

Yongseong Choi Xuemei Cheng Jian Shen Zhigang Jiang Dali Sun Wenbin Wang Xiaoshan Xu

This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-18 15:34 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ❄️ cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.mes-hall

keywords interfacial topological Hall effectinsulating magnetsmagnetic proximity effecttopological spin structuresLuFeO3spintronicsHall resistivity

0 comments p. Extension

The pith

Pt/h-LuFeO3 bilayers show a persistent interfacial topological Hall effect that electrically reads out topological spin structures in the insulating h-LuFeO3.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper introduces the interfacial topological Hall effect to electrically access topological spin textures in insulating magnets that cannot be studied with conventional methods. Noncoplanar spins in h-LuFeO3 transfer to the Pt layer through the magnetic proximity effect and produce a large Hall response up to 0.5 percent of the longitudinal resistivity that remains stable across magnetic fields as high as 14 T. This response stands out from spin Hall Hanle backgrounds through its field and temperature dependence and arises from a 120-degree triangular lattice with small canting that carries topology but little net magnetization. The result matters because it makes ultrathin insulating films with topological magnetism usable for electrical readout and spintronic devices without requiring the magnet layer itself to conduct.

Core claim

The noncoplanar spin textures of insulating h-LuFeO3 are imprinted onto adjacent Pt via the magnetic proximity effect, generating a giant Hall response reaching 0.5 percent of the longitudinal resistivity with a Hall-conductivity to magnetization ratio above 2 V inverse. This interfacial topological Hall effect persists over a broad magnetic field range up to 14 T, in contrast to the narrow peak-and-dip features of conventional topological Hall effects, and Pt nanoclusters at the interface also inherit the textures, establishing ITHE as a sensitive electrical probe for topological magnetism in ultrathin insulating films.

What carries the argument

The interfacial topological Hall effect (ITHE), in which noncoplanar spin textures from an insulating magnet are transferred to an adjacent heavy metal through the magnetic proximity effect and detected as an electrical Hall signal.

If this is right

ITHE supplies an electrical method to probe topological spin structures in insulating magnets that do not conduct themselves.
The underlying 120-degree spin lattice with canting remains topologically nontrivial and stable up to at least 14 T.
Field- and temperature-dependent measurements separate the ITHE signal from ordinary spin Hall Hanle contributions.
Pt nanoclusters embedded at the interface carry the same imprinted topological textures as the continuous Pt film.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

Similar interfacial readout could be tested on other hexagonal rare-earth ferrites or insulating magnets known to host noncoplanar spins.
Varying the heavy-metal layer thickness or choosing different metals with stronger spin-orbit coupling might increase the Hall-conductivity ratio further.
Combining ITHE with local microscopy on the same sample areas would allow direct correlation between spin-texture images and the electrical signal.

Load-bearing premise

The observed Hall response is produced by topological spin textures from h-LuFeO3 that are imprinted on Pt through the magnetic proximity effect rather than by Pt nanoclusters, spin Hall Hanle backgrounds, or other interface artifacts.

What would settle it

The Hall response would be expected to disappear or change character in control bilayers where the Pt/h-LuFeO3 interface is disrupted by an inserted spacer layer while keeping the same Pt thickness and measurement conditions.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2509.13445 by Aeron McConnell, Andrew H. Comstock, Bharat Giri, Dali Sun, Huilin Lai, Jian Shen, Jing Li, Tianhao Zhao, Wenbin Wang, Xiaoshan Xu, Xiao Wang, Xuemei Cheng, Yongseong Choi, Yu Yun, Zhigang Jiang.

**Figure 1.** Figure 1: Induced topological spin structure in heavy metal via magnetic proximity effect (MPE) (a) Schematic of a bilayer system in which three spins (S₁, S₂, S₃) in the magnetic insulator form a non-coplanar trimer of non-trivial topology. This spin topology is transferred to the adjacent heavy metal via the MPE. (b) Crystal structure of hexagonal LuFeO₃ (h-LuFeO₃), where Fe spins realize the non-coplanar trimer a… view at source ↗

read the original abstract

Conventional topological Hall effects (THE) require conducting magnets, leaving insulating systems largely inaccessible. Here we introduce the interfacial topological Hall effect (ITHE), where the noncoplanar spin textures of insulating magnets are imprinted onto an adjacent heavy metal via the magnetic proximity effect (MPE) and detected electrically. In Pt/h-LuFeO3 bilayers, h-LuFeO3 hosts a topological spin structure robust against high magnetic fields, arising from a 120{\deg} triangular spin lattice with small spin canting that yields nontrivial topology but minimal magnetization. This generates a giant Hall response in Pt up to 0.5% of the longitudinal resistivity and a Hall-conductivity/magnetization ratio above 2 V^{-1}, clearly distinguishable from the spin Hall Hanle effect background. Field- and temperature-dependent analysis further reveals that Pt nanoclusters inherit topological textures from h-LuFeO3 via MPE. Unlike the conventional THE narrow peak-and-dip features, ITHE in Pt/h-LuFeO3 persists across a broad magnetic field range up to 14 T, demonstrating the exceptional stability of the underlying topological spin structure. This establishes ITHE as a powerful and sensitive probe for topological magnetism in ultrathin insulating films and paves the way for new spintronic applications.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Desk Editor's Note private letter to a colleague

The paper reports a large, field-persistent Hall signal in Pt on insulating h-LuFeO3 that they attribute to MPE-imprinted topological textures, but the exclusion of Pt nanocluster or interfacial artifact origins looks incomplete on the presented evidence.

read the letter

The main point is that they measured a Hall response reaching 0.5% of the longitudinal resistivity in Pt/h-LuFeO3 bilayers, with a Hall-conductivity-to-magnetization ratio above 2 V^{-1} that holds up to 14 T. They frame this as the interfacial topological Hall effect, where non-coplanar spins from the 120° lattice in h-LuFeO3 get imprinted into Pt via magnetic proximity effect and produce an electrically readable signal in an otherwise insulating magnet. That is the concrete advance over standard THE, which needs conducting hosts. The field- and temperature-dependent data they show do separate the signal from the usual spin Hall Hanle background, and the broad persistence rather than narrow peaks is consistent with the claimed stability of the underlying spin texture. That part of the experimental design is straightforward and worth noting. The soft spot is the origin story. The abstract itself mentions Pt nanoclusters inheriting the textures, which opens the door to the Hall signal being generated inside those clusters or at disordered interfaces rather than at a clean MPE boundary. Temperature-dependent subtraction alone does not quantitatively rule out residual magnetization or scattering contributions that could mimic the broad field range. If those alternatives are not addressed with additional controls or modeling, the central interpretation stays provisional. Readers working on spintronic probes for insulating magnets or on proximity effects in oxide-metal bilayers would get the most from this. The experimental claim is specific enough and the potential application angle clear enough that it merits a serious referee, even if the current version needs tighter exclusion of artifacts. I would send it for review with a request for those checks.

Referee Report

1 major / 2 minor

Summary. The manuscript introduces the interfacial topological Hall effect (ITHE) as a method to electrically detect noncoplanar spin textures in insulating magnets. In Pt/h-LuFeO3 bilayers, the 120° triangular lattice with small canting in h-LuFeO3 is claimed to imprint topological character onto Pt via magnetic proximity effect, producing a giant Hall response (up to 0.5% of longitudinal resistivity and Hall-conductivity/magnetization ratio >2 V^{-1}) that persists across a broad field range up to 14 T. This is distinguished from spin Hall Hanle background through field- and temperature-dependent measurements, with Pt nanoclusters said to inherit the textures, establishing ITHE as a probe for topological magnetism in ultrathin insulating films.

Significance. If the central interpretation is substantiated, the result would be significant for extending topological Hall physics to insulating systems that lack intrinsic conduction. The reported persistence to 14 T and high sensitivity ratio highlight the robustness of the underlying 120° spin structure and offer a practical electrical readout route with potential spintronic utility. The use of field- and temperature-dependent analysis to link the signal to MPE-imprinted textures in Pt nanoclusters is a positive feature that strengthens the experimental case relative to purely phenomenological claims.

major comments (1)

[Abstract and field-/temperature-dependent analysis] Abstract and the field-/temperature-dependent analysis section: the central attribution of the persistent Hall response to ITHE from MPE-imprinted noncoplanar textures (rather than residual Pt magnetization, nanocluster scattering, or spin-Hall-Hanle contributions) is load-bearing for the claim of a new probe. The manuscript states distinguishability from the Hanle background and notes that Pt nanoclusters inherit the textures, but does not provide quantitative modeling, subtraction protocols, or exclusion thresholds (e.g., expected field dependence or resistivity scaling) that would rule out field-independent interfacial artifacts over the full 0–14 T range. This leaves the broad persistence open to alternative explanations and requires additional data or analysis to secure the interpretation.

minor comments (2)

[Abstract] The abstract refers to a 'giant Hall response up to 0.5% of the longitudinal resistivity'; clarify whether this is the peak value, an average, or a specific field/temperature point, and ensure consistent units and error bars are shown in the corresponding figures.
[Main text / Methods] Notation for the Hall-conductivity/magnetization ratio (>2 V^{-1}) should be defined explicitly (e.g., σ_xy / M or equivalent) in the main text or methods to avoid ambiguity when comparing to conventional THE values.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

1 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their detailed and constructive feedback on our manuscript. We have addressed the major concern regarding the attribution of the persistent Hall response by providing additional quantitative analysis in the revised version.

read point-by-point responses

Referee: [Abstract and field-/temperature-dependent analysis] Abstract and the field-/temperature-dependent analysis section: the central attribution of the persistent Hall response to ITHE from MPE-imprinted noncoplanar textures (rather than residual Pt magnetization, nanocluster scattering, or spin-Hall-Hanle contributions) is load-bearing for the claim of a new probe. The manuscript states distinguishability from the Hanle background and notes that Pt nanoclusters inherit the textures, but does not provide quantitative modeling, subtraction protocols, or exclusion thresholds (e.g., expected field dependence or resistivity scaling) that would rule out field-independent interfacial artifacts over the full 0–14 T range. This leaves the broad persistence open to alternative explanations and requires additional data or analysis to secure the interpretation.

Authors: We agree that the manuscript would benefit from more explicit quantitative modeling and protocols to rule out alternative explanations. In the revised manuscript, we have added a detailed quantitative analysis in the field- and temperature-dependent section. This includes modeling the expected field dependence for ITHE, which remains persistent due to the robust 120° structure, contrasted with the saturating behavior expected for residual Pt magnetization. We provide subtraction protocols using data at elevated temperatures where the topological features are diminished, and establish exclusion thresholds based on the observed Hall conductivity to magnetization ratio (>2 V^{-1}) and resistivity scaling, which do not match nanocluster scattering or spin-Hall-Hanle contributions. These additions confirm that the signal persists to 14 T in a manner inconsistent with field-independent interfacial artifacts. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: experimental observations with independent background subtraction

full rationale

The manuscript reports direct electrical measurements of Hall resistivity in Pt/h-LuFeO3 bilayers as a function of field and temperature. Attribution to ITHE relies on persistence up to 14 T, magnitude relative to longitudinal resistivity, and comparison against spin-Hall-Hanle and nanocluster backgrounds. No equations, fitted parameters, or predictions are presented that reduce the reported Hall signal to a self-defined quantity or to a prior self-citation by construction. The central claim therefore rests on falsifiable experimental distinctions rather than on any load-bearing derivation that loops back to its own inputs.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 1 axioms · 0 invented entities

The claim rests on the standard domain assumption that magnetic proximity effect transfers noncoplanar spin information across the interface and on the interpretation of Hall conductivity as a signature of topology.

axioms (1)

domain assumption 120 degree triangular spin lattice with small canting in h-LuFeO3 produces nontrivial topology with minimal net magnetization
Invoked in the abstract to explain the origin of the robust topological spin structure.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5824 in / 1405 out tokens · 82908 ms · 2026-05-18T15:34:52.501439+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Lean theorems connected to this paper

Citations machine-checked in the Pith Canon. Every link opens the source theorem in the public Lean library.

IndisputableMonolith/Foundation/AlexanderDuality.lean alexander_duality_circle_linking unclear

?

unclear
Relation between the paper passage and the cited Recognition theorem.

ITHE ... noncoplanar spin textures of insulating magnets are imprinted onto an adjacent heavy metal via the magnetic proximity effect (MPE) ... 120° triangular spin lattice with small spin canting ... emergent field ... ~50 tesla ... persists across a broad magnetic field range up to 14 T
IndisputableMonolith/Cost/FunctionalEquation.lean washburn_uniqueness_aczel unclear

?

unclear
Relation between the paper passage and the cited Recognition theorem.

ρxy,ITHE ... fit using Eq. (1) [Langevin superparamagnetic form] ... μ = 34 ± 12 μB ... Hall-conductivity/magnetization ratio above 2 V^{-1}

What do these tags mean?

matches: The paper's claim is directly supported by a theorem in the formal canon.
supports: The theorem supports part of the paper's argument, but the paper may add assumptions or extra steps.
extends: The paper goes beyond the formal theorem; the theorem is a base layer rather than the whole result.
uses: The paper appears to rely on the theorem as machinery.
contradicts: The paper's claim conflicts with a theorem or certificate in the canon.
unclear: Pith found a possible connection, but the passage is too broad, indirect, or ambiguous to say the theorem truly supports the claim.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

42 extracted references · 42 canonical work pages

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[1] [1]

Xiao, D., Chang, M. C. & Niu, Q. Berry phase effects on electronic properties. Reviews of Modern Physics 82, 1959–2007 (2010)

work page 1959

[2] [2]

& Sitte, M

Everschor-Sitte, K. & Sitte, M. Real-space Berry phases: Skyrmion soccer (invited). Journal of Applied Physics 115, 172602 (2014)

work page 2014

[3] [3]

Bruno, P., Dugaev, V . K. & Taillefumier, M. Topological Hall effect and Berry phase in magnetic nanostructures. Physical Review Letters 93, 096806 (2003)

work page 2003

[4] [4]

Liang, X. et al. Influence of Interface Structure on Magnetic Proximity Effect in Pt/Y3Fe5O12 Heterostructures. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8, 8175–8183 (2016)

work page 2016

[5] [5]

Amamou, W. et al. Magnetic proximity effect in Pt/CoFe2O4 bilayers. Phys. Rev. Materials 2, 011401(R) (2018)

work page 2018

[6] [6]

Hauser, J. J. Magnetic Proximity Effect. Phys. Rev. 187, 580–583 (1969)

work page 1969

[7] [7]

Bhattacharyya, S. et al. Recent Progress in Proximity Coupling of Magnetism to Topological Insulators. Advanced Materials 33, 2007795 (2021)

work page 2021

[8] [8]

Huang, S. X. & Chien, C. L. Extended Skyrmion Phase in Epitaxial FeGe(111) Thin Films. Physical Review Letters 108, 267201 (2012)

work page 2012

[9] [9]

Neubauer, A. et al. Topological Hall Effect in the A Phase of MnSi. Physical Review Letters 102, 186602 (2009)

work page 2009

[10] [10]

Kanazawa, N. et al. Large Topological Hall Effect in a Short-Period Helimagnet MnGe. Physical Review Letters 106, 156603 (2011)

work page 2011

[11] [11]

Takagi, H. et al. Spontaneous topological Hall effect induced by non-coplanar antiferromagnetic order in intercalated van der Waals materials. Nat. Phys. 19, 961–968 (2023). 9

work page 2023

[12] [12]

Song, A. et al. Large Anomalous Hall Effect in a Noncoplanar Magnetic Heterostructure. Adv Funct Materials 35, 2422040 (2025)

work page 2025

[13] [13]

Bauer, J. J. et al. Magnetic proximity effect in magnetic-insulator/heavy-metal heterostructures across the compensation temperature. Phys. Rev. B 104, 094403 (2021)

work page 2021

[14] [14]

Geprägs, S. et al. Static magnetic proximity effects and spin Hall magnetoresistance in Pt/Y3Fe5O12 and inverted Y3Fe5O12/Pt bilayers. Phys. Rev. B 102, 2469 (2020)

work page 2020

[15] [15]

Geprägs, S. et al. Investigation of induced Pt magnetic polarization in Pt/Y3Fe5O12 bilayers. Applied Physics Letters 101, 262407 (2012)

work page 2012

[16] [16]

Lu, Y . M. et al. Pt Magnetic Polarization on Y3Fe5O12 and Magnetotransport Characteristics. Physical Review Letters 110, 147207 (2013)

work page 2013

[17] [17]

B., Lauer, V ., Neb, R., Chumak, A

Jungfleisch, M. B., Lauer, V ., Neb, R., Chumak, A. V . & Hillebrands, B. Improvement of the yttrium iron garnet/platinum interface for spin pumping-based applications. Applied Physics Letters 103, 022411 (2013)

work page 2013

[18] [18]

Huang, S. Y . et al. Transport Magnetic Proximity Effects in Platinum. Physical Review Letters 109, 107204 (2012)

work page 2012

[19] [19]

Shiomi, Y . et al. Interface-dependent magnetotransport properties for thin Pt films on ferrimagnetic Y3Fe5O12. Applied Physics Letters 104, 242406 (2014)

work page 2014

[20] [20]

Meyer, S. et al. Anomalous Hall effect in YIG|Pt bilayers. Applied Physics Letters 106, 132402 (2015)

work page 2015

[21] [21]

Shimizu, S. et al. Electrically Tunable Anomalous Hall Effect in Pt Thin Films. Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 216803 (2013)

work page 2013

[22] [22]

F., Huang, S

Miao, B. F., Huang, S. Y ., Qu, D. & Chien, C. L. Physical Origins of the New Magnetoresistance in Pt/YIG. Physical Review Letters 112, 236601 (2014). 10

work page 2014

[23] [23]

Li, X., Yun, Y . & Xu, X. Recent progress on multiferroic hexagonal rare-earth ferrites (h- RFeO3, R = Y , Dy-Lu). Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 58, 073003 (2025)

work page 2025

[24] [24]

& Wang, W

Xu, X. & Wang, W. Multiferroic hexagonal ferrites (h-RFeO3,R = Y , Dy-Lu): a brief experimental review. Modern Physics Letters B 28, 1430008 (2014)

work page 2014

[25] [25]

L., Geng, Y ., Wu, W

Das, H., Wysocki, A. L., Geng, Y ., Wu, W. & Fennie, C. J. Bulk magnetoelectricity in the hexagonal manganites and ferrites. Nature Communications 5, 2998 (2014)

work page 2014

[26] [26]

Wang, W. et al. Room-Temperature Multiferroic Hexagonal LuFeO_{3} Films. Physical Review Letters 110, 237601 (2013)

work page 2013

[27] [27]

Moyer, J. A. et al. Intrinsic magnetic properties of hexagonal LuFeO3 and the effects of nonstoichiometry. APL Materials 2, 012106 (2014)

work page 2014

[28] [28]

& Robinson, J

Kimbell, G., Kim, C., Wu, W., Cuoco, M. & Robinson, J. W. A. Challenges in identifying chiral spin textures via the topological Hall effect. Commun Mater 3, 19 (2022)

work page 2022

[29] [29]

V ., Valentyuk, M

Solovyev, I. V ., Valentyuk, M. V . & Mazurenko, V . V . Magnetic structure of hexagonal YMnO3and LuMnO3from a microscopic point of view. Phys. Rev. B 86, 054407 (2012)

work page 2012

[30] [30]

H., Sun, D

Li, J., Comstock, A. H., Sun, D. & Xu, X. Comprehensive demonstration of spin Hall Hanle effects in epitaxial Pt thin films. Physical Review B 106, 184420 (2022)

work page 2022

[31] [31]

Li, J. et al. Giant interfacial spin Hall angle from Rashba-Edelstein effect revealed by the spin Hall Hanle process. Physical Review B 108, L241403 (2023)

work page 2023

[32] [32]

Sinha, K. et al. Tuning the N\’eel Temperature of Hexagonal Ferrites by Structural Distortion. Physical Review Letters 121, 237203 (2018)

work page 2018

[33] [33]

& Tolksdorf, W

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