pith. sign in

arxiv: 2604.12003 · v1 · submitted 2026-04-13 · ⚛️ physics.optics · cond-mat.mtrl-sci· cond-mat.soft

Atomically-Thin Tsumoite (BiTe) based All-Photonic-Isolator, Information Converter, and Logic-Gate

Saswata Goswami , Caique Campos de Oliveira , Abhijith M.B. , Varinder Pal , Vidya Kochat , Pulickel M. Ajayan , Samit K. Ray , Pedro A. S. Autreto
show 1 more author
Chandra Sekhar Tiwary
This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-10 14:54 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ⚛️ physics.optics cond-mat.mtrl-scicond-mat.soft
keywords 2D materialsnonlinear opticsphotonic isolatorbismuth telluridethird-order nonlinearitycross-phase modulationall-photonic devicestsumoite
0
0 comments X

The pith

Atomically thin BiTe material enables all-photonic isolators, information converters, and logic gates through its strong third-order nonlinearity.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper examines the third-order nonlinear optical response of two-dimensional tsumoite (BiTe) using spatial self-phase modulation spectroscopy on dispersions. It finds nonlinear susceptibility values comparable to or better than other advanced 2D materials, arising from band dispersion and correlated with carrier transport. These properties are then used to design a photonic isolator in a BiTe-hBN heterostructure that exhibits asymmetric light propagation. Additionally, a photonic information converter and a logic gate are proposed based on cross-phase modulation techniques. This positions 2D BiTe as a platform for nonlinear photonic devices in signal processing.

Core claim

Two-dimensional BiTe displays elevated third-order nonlinear susceptibility due to its electronic band dispersion, with a direct correlation to carrier transport properties, as quantified through spatial self-phase modulation experiments. This enables the depiction of functional all-photonic devices, specifically an isolator using BiTe-hBN heterostructure for asymmetric propagation and devices for information conversion and logic operations via cross-phase modulation.

What carries the argument

The third-order nonlinear susceptibility of BiTe, derived from diffraction ring patterns in SSPM spectroscopy, which supports asymmetric propagation in heterostructures and cross-phase modulation for logic and conversion.

If this is right

  • A 2D BiTe-2D hBN heterostructure photonic isolator demonstrates asymmetric propagation of light.
  • Photonic information converters can be realized using cross-phase modulation in BiTe-based structures.
  • All-photonic logic gates are achievable with the same cross-phase modulation approach.
  • BiTe establishes itself as a nonlinear optical platform for integrated photonic applications.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • If interface effects are minimal, these designs could enable compact, low-loss all-optical circuits integrable with other 2D materials.
  • The correlation between carrier transport and nonlinearity suggests potential for electrically tunable photonic devices.
  • This approach might reduce the need for magneto-optical materials in isolators by using nonlinear effects instead.

Load-bearing premise

The third-order nonlinear susceptibility and carrier-transport correlation measured in liquid dispersions will translate directly to functional low-loss heterostructure devices without significant interface effects, scattering, or thermal degradation.

What would settle it

Fabricating the BiTe-hBN heterostructure and observing symmetric rather than asymmetric light propagation, or failing to detect the expected cross-phase modulation effects in device tests.

read the original abstract

Two-dimensional tsumoite (BiTe), a polymorph of Bi2Te3, has emerged as a promising candidate for nonlinear photonic devices owing to its strong spin-orbit coupling, tunable bandgap, and high carrier mobility characteristics. This work presents a thorough examination of the third-order nonlinear optical response of BiTe dispersions using spatial self-phase modulation (SSPM) spectroscopy. The nonlinear refractive index (n2) and third-order nonlinear susceptibility are quantitatively derived from the diffraction ring patterns, demonstrating third-order nonlinear susceptibility values, similar to or surpassing those of advanced 2D materials. The temporal development and distortion of the SSPM rings are examined using the wind-chime model, and thermal factors influencing the SSPM pattern are analyzed. First-principles electronic band structure studies reveal that the elevated nonlinear susceptibility arises from band dispersion. Direct correlation between carrier transport and third-order nonlinear susceptibility is established. Utilizing these qualities, all photonic devices, including a photonic isolator based on a 2D BiTe-2D hBN heterostructure, are depicted to show asymmetric propagation. A photonic information converter and a logic gate are designed using the cross-phase modulation technique. These findings establish 2D BiTe nanostructure as a formidable nonlinear optical platform for advanced photonic signal processing and integrated photonic applications.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

3 major / 1 minor

Summary. The manuscript reports SSPM measurements on BiTe liquid dispersions to extract n2 and χ^(3), analyzes ring dynamics with the wind-chime model and thermal effects, performs first-principles band-structure calculations to link elevated nonlinearity to band dispersion, asserts a direct correlation with carrier transport, and depicts all-photonic devices including an isolator in a 2D BiTe/hBN heterostructure with asymmetric propagation plus XPM-based information converter and logic gate.

Significance. If the dispersion-derived nonlinear coefficients prove transferable and the device concepts are experimentally realized, the work would position atomically thin BiTe as a competitive 2D platform for integrated nonlinear optics, leveraging its spin-orbit coupling and high mobility for low-power photonic signal processing and logic.

major comments (3)
  1. [Abstract] Abstract: quantitative n2 and χ^(3) values are stated as derived from ring patterns and band calculations, yet no data, error bars, sample statistics, or derivation steps are referenced, preventing verification of the claim that these values are similar to or surpass those of advanced 2D materials.
  2. [Device design sections] Device sections: the BiTe/hBN isolator is depicted to exhibit asymmetric propagation and the converter/logic gate are designed via cross-phase modulation, but no fabrication, interface characterization (TEM, transport across BiTe–hBN boundary), or loss measurements are reported, leaving the transfer from liquid-dispersion results untested against interface scattering or thermal degradation.
  3. [Correlation analysis] Correlation claim: the asserted direct correlation between carrier transport and third-order nonlinear susceptibility lacks an explicit independent experimental link beyond the SSPM rings and isolated-layer band calculations, introducing circularity in grounding the device proposals.
minor comments (1)
  1. [Methods and analysis] Clarify whether the wind-chime model parameters are fitted or predicted, and ensure consistent notation for n2 and χ^(3) across equations and figures.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

3 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the constructive and detailed review of our manuscript. We address each major comment point by point below, providing the strongest honest defense of the work while clarifying the scope and making revisions where they improve clarity or address valid concerns.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Abstract] Abstract: quantitative n2 and χ^(3) values are stated as derived from ring patterns and band calculations, yet no data, error bars, sample statistics, or derivation steps are referenced, preventing verification of the claim that these values are similar to or surpass those of advanced 2D materials.

    Authors: The quantitative n2 and χ^(3) values, including their derivation from SSPM ring patterns, associated error bars, sample statistics, and the supporting first-principles band calculations, are presented in full in the Results section with dedicated figures and analysis. The abstract is a concise summary and does not typically include such details or figure references. To improve verifiability, we will revise the abstract to explicitly reference the relevant sections and figures where the data and derivations appear. revision: yes

  2. Referee: [Device design sections] Device sections: the BiTe/hBN isolator is depicted to exhibit asymmetric propagation and the converter/logic gate are designed via cross-phase modulation, but no fabrication, interface characterization (TEM, transport across BiTe–hBN boundary), or loss measurements are reported, leaving the transfer from liquid-dispersion results untested against interface scattering or thermal degradation.

    Authors: The device sections present conceptual designs and numerical simulations of all-photonic components that leverage the measured nonlinear coefficients from the BiTe dispersions. No fabrication, TEM, or loss data are reported because the work centers on material characterization and device concept illustration rather than experimental device implementation. We will revise these sections to explicitly state that the designs are proposals, to note the assumptions in extrapolating dispersion results to heterostructures, and to discuss potential effects of interface scattering and thermal degradation as topics for future experimental studies. revision: yes

  3. Referee: [Correlation analysis] Correlation claim: the asserted direct correlation between carrier transport and third-order nonlinear susceptibility lacks an explicit independent experimental link beyond the SSPM rings and isolated-layer band calculations, introducing circularity in grounding the device proposals.

    Authors: The correlation rests on two independent pillars: experimental SSPM measurements that quantify the elevated third-order nonlinearity, and first-principles band-structure calculations that independently attribute this enhancement to BiTe’s specific band dispersion features. These same dispersion features are known from the literature to underpin the material’s high carrier mobility. We disagree that the reasoning is circular. Nevertheless, to eliminate any perception of circularity, we will revise the correlation section to delineate the experimental, computational, and literature transport contributions more explicitly. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity; measurements, band calculations, and conceptual device depictions form independent steps

full rationale

The paper extracts n2 and χ^(3) from SSPM ring patterns on liquid dispersions, applies the wind-chime model to analyze ring evolution, performs separate first-principles band-structure calculations, and states a correlation with carrier transport before conceptually depicting heterostructure devices via cross-phase modulation. None of these steps reduces by construction to its own inputs: the device proposals are extrapolations based on measured values rather than fitted parameters relabeled as predictions of the same data, and no self-citation or uniqueness theorem is invoked to close a loop. The chain remains self-contained even though the transfer from dispersion to solid-state heterostructure is assumed without reported interface validation.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

1 free parameters · 1 axioms · 0 invented entities

Abstract-only review limits visibility into exact parameters and assumptions; the central claims rest on standard optical wave propagation models plus material-specific band-structure results whose details are not shown.

free parameters (1)
  • nonlinear refractive index n2
    Quantitatively derived from observed diffraction ring patterns; value is obtained by fitting to experimental ring data.
axioms (1)
  • domain assumption Band dispersion directly produces the observed high third-order nonlinear susceptibility
    Invoked via first-principles electronic band structure studies mentioned in the abstract.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5595 in / 1509 out tokens · 73906 ms · 2026-05-10T14:54:21.018469+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

72 extracted references · 72 canonical work pages

  1. [1]

    Purely cohere nt nonlinear optical response in solution dispersions of graphene sheets,

    R. Wu, Y. Zhang, S. Yan, et al.,“ Purely cohere nt nonlinear optical response in solution dispersions of graphene sheets,” Nano letters (2011), 11, 5159

    work page 2011

  2. [2]

    Emergence of ele ctron coherence and two-color all- optical switching in MoS 2 based on spatial self-phase modulation,

    Y. Wu, Q. Wu, F. Sun, et al.,“ Emergence of ele ctron coherence and two-color all- optical switching in MoS 2 based on spatial self-phase modulation,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2015), 112, 11800

    work page 2015

  3. [3]

    2D MXene: MX ene ‐Based Nonlinear Optical Information Converter for All ‐Optical Modulator and Switcher (Laser Photonics Rev. 12 (12)/2018),

    L. Wu, X. Jiang, J. Zhao, et al.,“ 2D MXene: MX ene ‐Based Nonlinear Optical Information Converter for All ‐Optical Modulator and Switcher (Laser Photonics Rev. 12 (12)/2018),” Laser & Photonics Reviews (2018), 12, 1870055

    work page 2018

  4. [4]

    2D tellurium based high ‐performance all ‐optical nonlinear photonic devices,

    L. Wu, W. Huang, Y. Wang, et al.,“ 2D tellurium based high ‐performance all ‐optical nonlinear photonic devices,” Advanced Functional Materials (2019), 29, 1806346

    work page 2019

  5. [5]

    Broadband nonl inear optical response in few ‐layer antimonene and antimonene quantum dots: a promising optical kerr media with enhanced stability,

    L. Lu, X. Tang, R. Cao, et al.,“ Broadband nonl inear optical response in few ‐layer antimonene and antimonene quantum dots: a promising optical kerr media with enhanced stability,” Advanced Optical Materials (2017), 5, 1700301

    work page 2017

  6. [6]

    Broadband ul trafast spatial self-phase modulation for topological insulator Bi 2Te 3 dispersions,

    B. Shi, L. Miao, Q. Wang, et al.,“ Broadband ul trafast spatial self-phase modulation for topological insulator Bi 2Te 3 dispersions,” Applied Physics Letters (2015), 107.10.1063/1.4932590

    work page doi:10.1063/1.4932590 2015

  7. [7]

    Near-In frared Spatial Self-Phase Modulation in Ultrathin Niobium Carbide Nanosheets,

    S. Xiao, Y.-l. He, Y.-l. Dong, et al.,“ Near-In frared Spatial Self-Phase Modulation in Ultrathin Niobium Carbide Nanosheets,” Frontiers in Physics (2021), Volume 9 - 2021.10.3389/fphy.2021.674820

    work page doi:10.3389/fphy.2021.674820 2021

  8. [8]

    Spatial self- phase modulation and all-optical switching of graphene oxide dispersions,

    Y. Shan, J. Tang, L. Wu, et al.,“ Spatial self- phase modulation and all-optical switching of graphene oxide dispersions,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds (2019), 771, 900 74

    work page 2019

  9. [9]

    Nonlinear opt ical response spatial self-phase modulation in MoTe 2: correlations between χ (3) and mobility or effective mass,

    L. Hu, F. Sun, H. Zhao, J. Zhao,“ Nonlinear opt ical response spatial self-phase modulation in MoTe 2: correlations between χ (3) and mobility or effective mass,” Optics Letters (2019), 44, 5214

    work page 2019

  10. [10]

    Nonlinear opt ical response, all optical switching, and all optical information conversion in NbSe 2 nanosheets based on spatial self-phase modulation,

    Y. Jia, Y. Liao, L. Wu, et al.,“ Nonlinear opt ical response, all optical switching, and all optical information conversion in NbSe 2 nanosheets based on spatial self-phase modulation,” Nanoscale (2019), 11, 4515

    work page 2019

  11. [11]

    Tri-phase all- optical switching and broadband nonlinear optical response in Bi 2Se 3 nanosheets,

    X. Li, R. Liu, H. Xie, et al.,“ Tri-phase all- optical switching and broadband nonlinear optical response in Bi 2Se 3 nanosheets,” Optics Express (2017), 25, 18346

    work page 2017

  12. [12]

    Broadband sp atial self-phase modulation of black phosphorous,

    J. Zhang, X. Yu, W. Han, et al.,“ Broadband sp atial self-phase modulation of black phosphorous,” Opt. Lett. (2016), 41, 1704.10.1364/OL.41.001704

    work page doi:10.1364/ol.41.001704 2016

  13. [13]

    Nonlinear Optical Response of SbSI Nanorods Dominated with Direct Band Gaps,

    C. Wang, S. Xiao, X. Xiao, et al.,“ Nonlinear Optical Response of SbSI Nanorods Dominated with Direct Band Gaps,” The Journal of Physical Chemistry C (2021), 125, 15441.10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c04282

    work page doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c04282 2021

  14. [14]

    Broadband non linear optical resonance and all-optical switching of liquid phase exfoliated tungsten diselenide,

    Y. Jia, Y. Shan, L. Wu, et al.,“ Broadband non linear optical resonance and all-optical switching of liquid phase exfoliated tungsten diselenide,” Photonics Research (2018), 6, 1040

    work page 2018

  15. [15]

    All-optical applications for passive photonic devices of TaS 2 nanosheets with strong Kerr nonlinearity,

    Y. Liao, Q. Ma, Y. Shan, et al.,“ All-optical applications for passive photonic devices of TaS 2 nanosheets with strong Kerr nonlinearity,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds (2019), 806, 999

    work page 2019

  16. [16]

    Y. Shan, L. Wu, Y. Liao, et al.,“ A promising nonlinear optical material and its applications for all-optical switching and information converters based on the spatial self- phase modulation (SSPM) effect of TaSe 2 nanosheets,” Journal of Materials Chemistry C (2019), 7, 3811

    work page 2019

  17. [17]

    Kerr Nonline arity in germanium selenide nanoflakes measured by Z-scan and spatial self-phase modulation techniques and its applications in all- optical information conversion,

    Y. Jia, Z. Li, M. Saeed, et al.,“ Kerr Nonline arity in germanium selenide nanoflakes measured by Z-scan and spatial self-phase modulation techniques and its applications in all- optical information conversion,” Optics Express (2019), 27, 20857 75

    work page 2019

  18. [18]

    Liquid ph ase exfoliated boron nanosheets for all- optical modulation and logic gates,

    C. Song, Y. Liao, Y. Xiang, X. Dai,“ Liquid ph ase exfoliated boron nanosheets for all- optical modulation and logic gates,” Science Bulletin (2020), 65, 1030

    work page 2020

  19. [19]

    L. Wu, Z. Xie, L. Lu, et al.,“ Few ‐layer tin sulfide: a promising black ‐phosphorus ‐ analogue 2D material with exceptionally large nonlinear optical response, high stability, and applications in all ‐optical switching and wavelength conversion,” Advanced Optical Materials (2018), 6, 1700985

    work page 2018

  20. [20]

    Two-dimensio nal Bi 2S3-based all-optical photonic devices with strong nonlinearity due to spatial self-phase modulation,

    Y. Shan, Z. Li, B. Ruan, et al.,“ Two-dimensio nal Bi 2S3-based all-optical photonic devices with strong nonlinearity due to spatial self-phase modulation,” Nanophotonics (2019), 8, 2225

    work page 2019

  21. [21]

    Coher ent nonlinear optical response spatial self-phase modulation in MoSe 2 nano-sheets,

    W. Wang, Y. Wu, Q. Wu, J. Hua, J. Zhao,“ Coher ent nonlinear optical response spatial self-phase modulation in MoSe 2 nano-sheets,” Scientific reports (2016), 6, 22072

    work page 2016

  22. [22]

    Laser ‐Induced Hole Coherence and Spatial Self ‐ Phase Modulation in the Anisotropic 3D Weyl Semimetal TaAs,

    Y. Huang, H. Zhao, Z. Li, et al.,“ Laser ‐Induced Hole Coherence and Spatial Self ‐ Phase Modulation in the Anisotropic 3D Weyl Semimetal TaAs,” Advanced Materials (2023), 35, 2208362

    work page 2023

  23. [23]

    Exceptionally High Nonlinear Optical Response in Two-dimensional Type II Dirac Semimetal Nickel Di-Telluride (NiTe 2),

    S. Goswami, C. C. de Oliveira, B. Ipaves, et a l.,“ Exceptionally High Nonlinear Optical Response in Two-dimensional Type II Dirac Semimetal Nickel Di-Telluride (NiTe 2),” Laser & Photonics Reviews , n/a, 2400999.https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202400999

    work page doi:10.1002/lpor.202400999

  24. [24]

    Strong light– matter interaction and non-linear effects in organic semiconducting CuPc nanotubes: realization of all-optical diode and switching applications,

    P. Dey, N. Chakraborty, M. Samanta, B. Das, K. K. Chattopadhyay,“ Strong light– matter interaction and non-linear effects in organic semiconducting CuPc nanotubes: realization of all-optical diode and switching applications,” Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (2024), 26, 20112

    work page 2024

  25. [25]

    Strong non-linear optical response of Sb 2Se 3 nanorods in a liquid suspension based on spatial self-phase modulation and their all-optical photonic device applications,

    N. Sen, N. Chakraborty, B. Das, K. K. Chattopa dhyay,“ Strong non-linear optical response of Sb 2Se 3 nanorods in a liquid suspension based on spatial self-phase modulation and their all-optical photonic device applications,” Nanoscale (2023), 15, 19671.10.1039/D3NR04623K 76

    work page doi:10.1039/d3nr04623k 2023

  26. [26]

    Large Optical Nonlinearity Enhancement and All ‐ Optical Logic Gate Implementation in Silver ‐Modified Violet Phosphorus,

    X. Xu, Z. Cui, Y. Yang, et al.,“ Large Optical Nonlinearity Enhancement and All ‐ Optical Logic Gate Implementation in Silver ‐Modified Violet Phosphorus,” Laser & Photonics Reviews (2025), 19, 2401521

    work page 2025

  27. [27]

    Strong Nonlin ear Response and All-Optical Applications in Hybrid Bismuth Halide with Spatial Self-Phase Modulation,

    Z. Xu, H. Wang, W. Niu, et al.,“ Strong Nonlin ear Response and All-Optical Applications in Hybrid Bismuth Halide with Spatial Self-Phase Modulation,” Laser Photonics Rev. , n/a, 2401929.https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202401929

    work page doi:10.1002/lpor.202401929

  28. [28]

    Spatially A symmetric Optical Propagation and All- Optical Switching Based on Spatial Self-Phase Modulation of Semimetal MoP Microparticles,

    D. Weng, C. Ling, Y. Gao, et al.,“ Spatially A symmetric Optical Propagation and All- Optical Switching Based on Spatial Self-Phase Modulation of Semimetal MoP Microparticles,” Laser Photonics Rev. , n/a, 2401587.https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202401587

    work page doi:10.1002/lpor.202401587

  29. [29]

    Nonl inear Optical Properties of 2D vdW Ferromagnetic Nanoflakes for Magneto-Optical Logic Applications,

    S. Bera, S. Kalimuddin, A. Bera, et al.,“ Nonl inear Optical Properties of 2D vdW Ferromagnetic Nanoflakes for Magneto-Optical Logic Applications,” Advanced Optical Materials (2025), 13, 2402318.https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202402318

    work page doi:10.1002/adom.202402318 2025

  30. [30]

    All Photonic Isolator using Atomically Thin (2D) Bismuth Telluride (Bi 2Te 3),

    S. Goswami, B. Ipaves, J. G. Quispe, et al.,“ All Photonic Isolator using Atomically Thin (2D) Bismuth Telluride (Bi 2Te 3),” arXiv preprint arXiv:2508.03319 (2025),

    work page arXiv 2025

  31. [31]

    All-in-one, all-optical logic gates using liquid metal plasmon nonlinearity,

    J. Xu, C. Zhang, Y. Wang, et al.,“ All-in-one, all-optical logic gates using liquid metal plasmon nonlinearity,” Nature Communications (2024), 15, 1726

    work page 2024

  32. [32]

    Laser-induced h ole coherence in 2D antiferromagnet MPS3 through spatial self-phase modulation,

    J. Li, W. Niu, X. Xu, et al.,“ Laser-induced h ole coherence in 2D antiferromagnet MPS3 through spatial self-phase modulation,” Optics Express (2025), 33, 1044

    work page 2025

  33. [33]

    Electronic orig in of spatial self-phase modulation: evidenced by comparing graphite with C60 and graphene,

    Y. Wu, L. Zhu, Q. Wu, et al.,“ Electronic orig in of spatial self-phase modulation: evidenced by comparing graphite with C60 and graphene,” Applied physics letters (2016), 108

    work page 2016

  34. [34]

    Large Optical Nonlinearity Enhancement and All- Optical Logic Gate Implementation in Silver-Modified Violet Phosphorus,

    X. Xu, Z. Cui, Y. Yang, et al.,“ Large Optical Nonlinearity Enhancement and All- Optical Logic Gate Implementation in Silver-Modified Violet Phosphorus,” Laser Photonics Rev. (2025), 19, 2401521.https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202401521 77

    work page doi:10.1002/lpor.202401521 2025

  35. [35]

    Tunable effective nonlinear refractive ind ex of graphene dispersions during the distortion of spatial self-phase modulation,

    W. G. Z. S. U. FA,“ Cheng X. Dong N. Coghlan D . Cheng Y. Zhang L. Blau WJ Wang J.,“Tunable effective nonlinear refractive ind ex of graphene dispersions during the distortion of spatial self-phase modulation,”” Appl. Phys. Lett (2014), 104, 141909

    work page 2014

  36. [36]

    Kerr nonline arity in 2D graphdiyne for passive photonic diodes,

    L. Wu, Y. Dong, J. Zhao, et al.,“ Kerr nonline arity in 2D graphdiyne for passive photonic diodes,” Adv. Mater. (2019), 31, 1807981

    work page 2019

  37. [37]

    Li quid ‐Exfoliated Few ‐Layer InSe Nanosheets for Broadband Nonlinear All ‐Optical Applications,

    Y. Liao, Y. Shan, L. Wu, Y. Xiang, X. Dai,“ Li quid ‐Exfoliated Few ‐Layer InSe Nanosheets for Broadband Nonlinear All ‐Optical Applications,” Advanced Optical Materials (2020), 8, 1901862

    work page 2020

  38. [38]

    Nonlin ear Coherent Light–Matter Interaction in 2D MoSe 2 Nanoflakes for All ‐Optical Switching and Logic Applications,

    K. Sk, B. Das, N. Chakraborty, et al.,“ Nonlin ear Coherent Light–Matter Interaction in 2D MoSe 2 Nanoflakes for All ‐Optical Switching and Logic Applications,” Advanced Optical Materials (2022), 10, 2200791

    work page 2022

  39. [39]

    Emergence of el ectron coherence and two-color all- optical switching in MoS 2 based on spatial self-phase modulation,

    Y. Wu, Q. Wu, F. Sun, et al.,“ Emergence of el ectron coherence and two-color all- optical switching in MoS 2 based on spatial self-phase modulation,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2015), 112, 11800.doi:10.1073/pnas.1504920112

    work page doi:10.1073/pnas.1504920112 2015

  40. [40]

    What limits the intrinsic m obility of electrons and holes in two dimensional metal dichalcogenides

    L. Cheng, Y. Liu,“ What limits the intrinsic m obility of electrons and holes in two dimensional metal dichalcogenides” Journal of the American Chemical Society (2018), 140, 17895

    work page 2018

  41. [41]

    Approaching the Dirac point in high- mobility multilayer epitaxial graphene,

    M. Orlita, C. Faugeras, P. Plochocka, et al.,“ Approaching the Dirac point in high- mobility multilayer epitaxial graphene,” Physical review letters (2008), 101, 267601

    work page 2008

  42. [42]

    Tunab le effective nonlinear refractive index of graphene dispersions during the distortion of spatial self-phase modulation,

    G. Wang, S. Zhang, F. A. Umran, et al.,“ Tunab le effective nonlinear refractive index of graphene dispersions during the distortion of spatial self-phase modulation,” Applied Physics Letters (2014), 104.10.1063/1.4871092

    work page doi:10.1063/1.4871092 2014

  43. [43]

    Achiev ing ultrahigh carrier mobility in two- dimensional hole gas of black phosphorus,

    G. Long, D. Maryenko, J. Shen, et al.,“ Achiev ing ultrahigh carrier mobility in two- dimensional hole gas of black phosphorus,” Nano Letters (2016), 16, 7768 78

    work page 2016

  44. [44]

    Charge transport and mobility engineering in two-dimensional transition metal chalcogenide semiconductors,

    S.-L. Li, K. Tsukagoshi, E. Orgiu, P. Samorì,“ Charge transport and mobility engineering in two-dimensional transition metal chalcogenide semiconductors,” Chemical Society Reviews (2016), 45, 118

    work page 2016

  45. [45]

    Phase transition, effective mass and carrier mobility of MoS 2 monolayer under tensile strain,

    S. Yu, H. D. Xiong, K. Eshun, H. Yuan, Q. Li,“ Phase transition, effective mass and carrier mobility of MoS 2 monolayer under tensile strain,” Applied Surface Science (2015), 325, 27

    work page 2015

  46. [46]

    Electron and hole mobiliti es in single-layer WSe 2,

    A. Allain, A. Kis,“ Electron and hole mobiliti es in single-layer WSe 2,” ACS nano (2014), 8, 7180

    work page 2014

  47. [47]

    Thermoelectric response of bulk and monolayer MoSe 2 and WSe 2,

    S. Kumar, U. Schwingenschlogl,“ Thermoelectric response of bulk and monolayer MoSe 2 and WSe 2,” Chemistry of Materials (2015), 27, 1278

    work page 2015

  48. [48]

    Electrical transport properties of single-layer WS 2,

    D. Ovchinnikov, A. Allain, Y.-S. Huang, D. Dum cenco, A. Kis,“ Electrical transport properties of single-layer WS 2,” ACS nano (2014), 8, 8174

    work page 2014

  49. [49]

    Tunable nonlinear refractive index of two- dimensional MoS 2, WS 2, and MoSe 2 nanosheet dispersions,

    G. Wang, S. Zhang, X. Zhang, et al.,“ Tunable nonlinear refractive index of two- dimensional MoS 2, WS 2, and MoSe 2 nanosheet dispersions,” Photonics Research (2015), 3, A51

    work page 2015

  50. [50]

    Strain-induced spatially resolved charge transport in 2H-MoTe 2,

    R. Maiti, M. A. S. R. Saadi, R. Amin, et al.,“ Strain-induced spatially resolved charge transport in 2H-MoTe 2,” ACS Applied Electronic Materials (2021), 3, 3781

    work page 2021

  51. [51]

    Electron–phono n interaction and transport properties of metallic bulk and monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide TaS 2,

    N. F. Hinsche, K. S. Thygesen,“ Electron–phono n interaction and transport properties of metallic bulk and monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide TaS 2,” 2D Materials (2017), 5, 015009

    work page 2017

  52. [52]

    First-princ iples study on the electronic, optical, and transport properties of monolayer GeSe,

    Y. Xu, H. Zhang, H. Shao, et al.,“ First-princ iples study on the electronic, optical, and transport properties of monolayer GeSe,” Physical Review B (2017), 96, 245421.10.1103/PhysRevB.96.245421

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevb.96.245421 2017

  53. [53]

    Few-Layer Ti n Sulfide: A New Black-Phosphorus- Analogue 2D Material with a Sizeable Band Gap, Odd– Even Quantum Confinement Effect, 79 and High Carrier Mobility,

    C. Xin, J. Zheng, Y. Su, et al.,“ Few-Layer Ti n Sulfide: A New Black-Phosphorus- Analogue 2D Material with a Sizeable Band Gap, Odd– Even Quantum Confinement Effect, 79 and High Carrier Mobility,” The Journal of Physical Chemistry C (2016), 120, 22663.10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b06673

    work page doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b06673 2016

  54. [54]

    Exceptionally High Nonlinear Optical Response in Two ‐dimensional Type II Dirac Semimetal Nickel Di ‐Telluride (NiTe 2),

    S. Goswami, C. C. de Oliveira, B. Ipaves, et a l.,“ Exceptionally High Nonlinear Optical Response in Two ‐dimensional Type II Dirac Semimetal Nickel Di ‐Telluride (NiTe 2),” Laser & Photonics Reviews (2025), 2400999

    work page 2025

  55. [55]

    Thermally self- induced phase modulation of laser beams,

    F. Dabby, T. Gustafson, J. Whinnery, Y. Kohanz adeh, P. Kelley,“ Thermally self- induced phase modulation of laser beams,” Applied Physics Letters (1970), 16, 362

    work page 1970

  56. [56]

    Li quid-Exfoliated Few-Layer InSe Nanosheets for Broadband Nonlinear All-Optical Applications,

    Y. Liao, Y. Shan, L. Wu, Y. Xiang, X. Dai,“ Li quid-Exfoliated Few-Layer InSe Nanosheets for Broadband Nonlinear All-Optical Applications,” Advanced Optical Materials (2020), 8, 1901862.https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201901862

    work page doi:10.1002/adom.201901862 2020

  57. [57]

    Nonlin ear Coherent Light–Matter Interaction in 2D MoSe 2 Nanoflakes for All-Optical Switching and Logic Applications,

    K. Sk, B. Das, N. Chakraborty, et al.,“ Nonlin ear Coherent Light–Matter Interaction in 2D MoSe 2 Nanoflakes for All-Optical Switching and Logic Applications,” Advanced Optical Materials (2022), 10, 2200791.https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202200791

    work page doi:10.1002/adom.202200791 2022

  58. [58]

    Broadband nonlinear optical response of graphene dispersions,

    J. Wang, Y. Hernandez, M. Lotya, J. N. Coleman , W. J. Blau,“ Broadband nonlinear optical response of graphene dispersions,” Advanced Materials (2009), 21, 2430

    work page 2009

  59. [59]

    Recent advance s of spatial self ‐phase modulation in 2D materials and passive photonic device applications,

    L. Wu, X. Yuan, D. Ma, et al.,“ Recent advance s of spatial self ‐phase modulation in 2D materials and passive photonic device applications,” Small (2020), 16, 2002252

    work page 2020

  60. [60]

    Thermal con vention and spherical aberration distortion of laser beams in low-loss liquids,

    J. Whinnery, D. Miller, F. Dabby,“ Thermal con vention and spherical aberration distortion of laser beams in low-loss liquids,” IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics (1967), 3, 382

    work page 1967

  61. [61]

    Spatial self-phase modulation of a laser beam propagating through liquids with self-induced natural convection flow,

    R. Karimzadeh,“ Spatial self-phase modulation of a laser beam propagating through liquids with self-induced natural convection flow,” Journal of optics (2012), 14, 095701

    work page 2012

  62. [62]

    Empirical relation between the li near and the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities,

    C. C. Wang,“ Empirical relation between the li near and the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities,” Physical Review B (1970), 2, 2045 80

    work page 1970

  63. [63]

    Derivation of Mi ller’s rule for the nonlinear optical susceptibility of a quantum anharmonic oscillator,

    M. T. Meyer, A. Schindlmayr,“ Derivation of Mi ller’s rule for the nonlinear optical susceptibility of a quantum anharmonic oscillator,” Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics (2024), 57, 095001

    work page 2024

  64. [64]

    Systematic z -scan measurements of the third order nonlinearity of chalcogenide glasses,

    T. Wang, X. Gai, W. Wei, et al.,“ Systematic z -scan measurements of the third order nonlinearity of chalcogenide glasses,” Optical Materials Express (2014), 4, 1011

    work page 2014

  65. [65]

    The SIESTA method for ab initio order- Nmaterials simulation,

    J. M. Soler, E. Artacho, J. D. Gale, et al.,“ The SIESTA method for ab initio order- Nmaterials simulation,” Journal of physics: Condensed matter (2002), 14, 2745

    work page 2002

  66. [66]

    Garc´ ıa, N

    A. García, N. Papior, A. Akhtar, et al.,“ Sies ta: Recent developments and applications,” The Journal of Chemical Physics (2020), 152.10.1063/5.0005077

    work page doi:10.1063/5.0005077 2020

  67. [67]

    and Burke, Kieron and Ernzerhof, Matthias , month = oct, year =

    J. P. Perdew, K. Burke, M. Ernzerhof,“ General ized Gradient Approximation Made Simple,” Physical Review Letters (1996), 77, 3865.10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.3865

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevlett.77.3865 1996

  68. [68]

    and Ruzsinszky, Adrienn and Csonka, Gábor I

    J. P. Perdew, A. Ruzsinszky, G. I. Csonka, et al.,“ Restoring the Density-Gradient Expansion for Exchange in Solids and Surfaces,” Physical Review Letters (2008), 100, 136406.10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.136406

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevlett.100.136406 2008

  69. [69]

    Systematic generation of finite- range atomic basis sets for linear-scaling calculations,

    E. Anglada, J. M. Soler, J. Junquera, E. Artac ho,“ Systematic generation of finite- range atomic basis sets for linear-scaling calculations,” Physical Review B (2002), 66, 205101.10.1103/PhysRevB.66.205101

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevb.66.205101 2002

  70. [70]

    Optimized norm -conserving Vanderbilt pseudopotentials

    D. R. Hamann,“ Optimized norm-conserving Vande rbilt pseudopotentials,” Physical Review B (2013), 88, 085117.10.1103/PhysRevB.88.085117

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevb.88.085117 2013

  71. [71]

    The PseudoDojo: Training and grading a 85 element optimized norm-conserving pseudopotential table,

    M. J. van Setten, M. Giantomassi, E. Bousquet, et al.,“ The PseudoDojo: Training and grading a 85 element optimized norm-conserving pseudopotential table,” Computer Physics Communications (2018), 226, 39.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2018.01.012

    work page doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2018.01.012 2018

  72. [72]

    Monkhorst, J.D

    H. J. Monkhorst, J. D. Pack,“ Special points f or Brillouin-zone integrations,” Physical Review B (1976), 13, 5188.10.1103/PhysRevB.13.5188

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevb.13.5188 1976