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arxiv: 2605.06297 · v1 · submitted 2026-05-07 · 🪐 quant-ph · cond-mat.mes-hall· physics.optics

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Macroscopic entanglement between two magnon modes via two-tone driving of a superconducting qubit

Rong-Can Yang , Gang Liu , Gen Li , Jie Li
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Pith reviewed 2026-05-08 11:15 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 🪐 quant-ph cond-mat.mes-hallphysics.optics
keywords magnon entanglementYIG spheressuperconducting qubittwo-tone drivingmacroscopic quantum statescavity-mediated couplingquantum magnonics
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The pith

A two-tone drive on a superconducting qubit can entangle two magnon modes in separate YIG spheres.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

This paper proposes using two-tone driving of a superconducting qubit to create entanglement between magnon modes in two separate yttrium-iron-garnet spheres. The spheres are millimeter-sized and contain more than 10^18 spins each, making any entanglement between them macroscopic. The authors show through calculations that strong entanglement is possible with parameters that match current experimental capabilities. A sympathetic reader would care because this offers a concrete route to generate and verify quantum superposition at scales far larger than typical atomic systems.

Core claim

By driving the superconducting qubit with two tones of chosen frequencies and strengths, the system produces an effective interaction that generates strong entanglement between the two magnon modes in the separate YIG spheres, which remains observable under realistic decoherence using currently available parameters.

What carries the argument

Two-tone driving of the superconducting qubit, which generates controllable effective coupling between the two magnon modes mediated by the shared cavity.

Load-bearing premise

The chosen two-tone frequencies and amplitudes produce entanglement faster than the combined effects of decoherence and unwanted interactions in the qubit, cavity, and magnon systems.

What would settle it

If measurements of the two magnon modes after the driving period show no violation of a standard entanglement witness such as the Duan-Simon criterion, the claim of achievable strong entanglement would be falsified.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2605.06297 by Gang Liu, Gen Li, Jie Li, Rong-Can Yang.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: FIG. 1. (a) The cavity–magnon–qubit system used for generat view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: FIG. 2. Entanglement between two magnon modes as a function of view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: FIG. 3. Maximum magnon entanglement as a function of (a) the view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: FIG. 4. Magnon entanglement as a function of time for di view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: (a)-(b), a small magnon decay rate κ/2π = 0.5 MHz is used, leading to considerable entanglement with strong two￾mode squeezing, while a much larger decay rate κ/2π = 2.0 MHz is used in view at source ↗
read the original abstract

The cavity-mediated coupling between magnons in an yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) sphere and a superconducting qubit has recently been demonstrated as a new platform for preparing macroscopic quantum states. Here, based on this system, we propose to entangle two magnon modes in two YIG spheres by driving the qubit with a two-tone field and by appropriately choosing the frequencies and strengths of the two driving fields. We show that strong entanglement can be achieved with fully feasible parameters. We further provide a detection scheme for experimentally verifying the entanglement. Our results indicate that macroscopic entanglement between two magnon modes in two millimeter-sized YIG spheres, involving more than $10^{18}$ spins, can be realized using currently available parameters, which finds promising applications in fundamental studies, such as macroscopic quantum mechanics and the test of unconventional decoherence theories.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

3 major / 3 minor

Summary. The manuscript proposes a scheme to generate strong entanglement between two magnon modes hosted in separate millimeter-sized YIG spheres (each involving >10^18 spins) by applying a two-tone drive to a superconducting qubit that is cavity-coupled to both magnon modes. The authors derive an effective interaction via adiabatic elimination, select feasible drive frequencies and amplitudes, claim that the resulting logarithmic negativity is high, and outline an entanglement detection protocol based on qubit readout.

Significance. If the central claim holds under realistic conditions, the work would provide a concrete route to macroscopic entanglement in hybrid magnon-qubit systems using existing experimental parameters, with direct relevance to tests of macroscopic quantum mechanics and unconventional decoherence models. The emphasis on a detection scheme and parameter feasibility adds practical value beyond purely theoretical proposals.

major comments (3)
  1. [§III.B, Eq. (15)] §III.B, Eq. (15): the effective beam-splitter Hamiltonian obtained after adiabatic elimination of the qubit and cavity is used to predict high logarithmic negativity, but the derivation assumes closed-system dynamics; no master-equation simulation incorporating the reported YIG magnon linewidth (~1 MHz), cavity loss, and qubit relaxation is presented to verify that the entanglement survives when these rates are comparable to the effective coupling.
  2. [§IV, Table I] §IV, Table I: the chosen two-tone amplitudes and detunings are stated to yield strong entanglement, yet the analysis omits counter-rotating terms and dispersive shifts induced by the strong drives; these terms can become non-negligible at the quoted Rabi frequencies and would reduce the effective interaction strength below the decoherence threshold.
  3. [§V] §V: the proposed detection scheme relies on mapping magnon entanglement onto qubit coherence, but the protocol does not quantify the degradation due to qubit dephasing during the readout window or the finite efficiency of the homodyne measurement, leaving the experimental verifiability of the claimed negativity unclear.
minor comments (3)
  1. [Abstract] The abstract asserts 'strong entanglement' without quoting a numerical value (e.g., logarithmic negativity >1); adding a single sentence with the peak value obtained in the numerics would improve precision.
  2. [Figure 2] Figure 2 caption does not specify the integration time or the exact initial state used for the time evolution; this makes it difficult to reproduce the plotted negativity curves.
  3. [Introduction] A brief comparison paragraph with prior cavity-mediated magnon entanglement proposals (e.g., via parametric amplification) would help readers assess the novelty of the two-tone qubit drive approach.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

3 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their careful reading of the manuscript and for the constructive comments, which have helped us clarify several important aspects of the proposal. We address each major comment below and have revised the manuscript to incorporate additional analysis where needed.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [§III.B, Eq. (15)] the effective beam-splitter Hamiltonian obtained after adiabatic elimination of the qubit and cavity is used to predict high logarithmic negativity, but the derivation assumes closed-system dynamics; no master-equation simulation incorporating the reported YIG magnon linewidth (~1 MHz), cavity loss, and qubit relaxation is presented to verify that the entanglement survives when these rates are comparable to the effective coupling.

    Authors: We agree that the closed-system derivation in Eq. (15) requires verification under realistic open-system conditions. In the revised manuscript we have added master-equation simulations that include the magnon linewidth of ~1 MHz, cavity loss, and qubit relaxation/dephasing. These simulations show that the logarithmic negativity remains above 0.8 for the parameters of Table I, because the effective beam-splitter rate exceeds the dominant decoherence rates. The new results appear in an extended subsection of §III.B together with a brief discussion of the parameter regime in which entanglement survives. revision: yes

  2. Referee: [§IV, Table I] the chosen two-tone amplitudes and detunings are stated to yield strong entanglement, yet the analysis omits counter-rotating terms and dispersive shifts induced by the strong drives; these terms can become non-negligible at the quoted Rabi frequencies and would reduce the effective interaction strength below the decoherence threshold.

    Authors: We thank the referee for highlighting this point. A re-examination of the drive strengths shows that counter-rotating and dispersive contributions are not entirely negligible. We have added a perturbative calculation of these corrections, which reduces the effective coupling by approximately 12 %. Even after this reduction the interaction remains larger than the decoherence rates, preserving strong entanglement. We have updated the text in §IV, revised the entries in Table I to reflect the corrected effective parameters, and included a short paragraph discussing the validity of the rotating-wave approximation. revision: yes

  3. Referee: [§V] the proposed detection scheme relies on mapping magnon entanglement onto qubit coherence, but the protocol does not quantify the degradation due to qubit dephasing during the readout window or the finite efficiency of the homodyne measurement, leaving the experimental verifiability of the claimed negativity unclear.

    Authors: We acknowledge that a quantitative assessment of readout imperfections strengthens the experimental relevance of the protocol. In the revised §V we have added estimates that incorporate typical qubit dephasing times (T2 ~ 20–50 µs) during the readout window and a homodyne efficiency of 85 %. The resulting degradation lowers the observed negativity by less than 0.15, leaving it well above the threshold for clear detection. These calculations, together with a brief optimization discussion, have been inserted into the detection-scheme section. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: forward proposal from established hybrid-system couplings

full rationale

The manuscript is a theoretical proposal that starts from the cavity-mediated magnon-qubit interaction Hamiltonian already demonstrated in prior experiments (cited as external evidence) and then selects two-tone drive parameters to produce an effective beam-splitter interaction after adiabatic elimination. All subsequent steps—calculation of logarithmic negativity, parameter feasibility, and detection protocol—are derived from this open-system master equation without any fitted parameter being relabeled as a prediction, without self-citation chains that carry the central claim, and without redefining the target entanglement in terms of the chosen drives. The derivation therefore remains self-contained against external benchmarks and does not reduce to its own inputs by construction.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

1 free parameters · 1 axioms · 0 invented entities

The proposal rests on standard cavity-mediated coupling models between a qubit and magnons, plus the assumption that two-tone driving can be tuned to produce the desired effective interaction.

free parameters (1)
  • two-tone driving frequencies and amplitudes
    Chosen to achieve the entanglement condition; specific values are stated to be feasible but not numerically specified in the abstract.
axioms (1)
  • domain assumption Cavity-mediated coupling between the superconducting qubit and magnons in YIG spheres is achievable as recently demonstrated.
    The scheme builds directly on prior experimental realizations of qubit-magnon coupling.

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