Kinetic Partitioning Mechanism as a Unifying Theme in the Folding of Biomolecules

We present a unified framework for folding kinetics of proteins and RNA. The basis for this framework relies on the notion of topological frustration, which gives rise to several competing basins of attraction (CBA) in addition to the native basin of attraction (NBA) on the free energy surface. A rough free energy surface results in direct and indirect pathways to the NBA, i.e., a kinetic partitioning mechanism (KPM). The unified framework for folding kinetics allows us to propose a foldability principle, according to which fast folding sequences are characterized by the folding transition temperature $T_{F}$ being close to the collapse transition temperature $T_{\theta }$. Biomolecules, for which foldability principle is satisfied, such as small proteins and tRNAs, are expected to fold rapidly with two-state kinetics. Estimates for the multiple time scales in KPM are also given.