Transverse Observables and Mass Determination at Hadron Colliders

Ben Gripaios

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Transverse Observables and Mass Determination at Hadron Colliders

Ben Gripaios

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Submitted 18 Sep 2007

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim I prove that the transverse mass, when maximized over possible kinematic configurations, can be used to determine both of the unknown masses.

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What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.04 · states limitation 0.18 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.02 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.05 · compares with prior results 0.09 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v3. Results and the main claim are underlined; show every role.

I consider the two-body decay of a particle at a hadron collider into a visible and an invisible particle, generalizing $W \to e \nu$, where the masses of the decaying particle and the invisible decay particle are, {\em a priori}, unknown. I prove that the transverse mass, when maximized over possible kinematic configurations, can be used to determine both of the unknown masses. I argue that the proof can be generalized to cover cases such as decays of pair-produced superpartners to the lightest, stable superpartner at the Large Hadron Collider.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#	sentence	role	the authors' own work	states the main conclusion	strength
s0	I consider the two-body decay of a particle at a hadron collider into a visible and an invisible particle, generalizing $W \to e \nu$, where the masses of the decaying particle and the invisible decay particle are, {\em a priori}, unknown.	background 0.73	0.54	0.03	asserted 0.68
s1	I prove that the transverse mass, when maximized over possible kinematic configurations, can be used to determine both of the unknown masses.	result 0.88	0.91	0.91	asserted 1.00
s2	I argue that the proof can be generalized to cover cases such as decays of pair-produced superpartners to the lightest, stable superpartner at the Large Hadron Collider.	interpretation 0.80	0.51	0.08	hedged possibility 0.91

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: theoretical result 0.99 · evidence from proof or derivation 1.00.

What was examined, and what was not

sources read

arXiv listing abstract v3

not examined

full text
figures and tables
references and citing sentences
relations to other papers

levels run

P abstract

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S sections
T body sentences
C citations
R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper

Original abstract

I consider the two-body decay of a particle at a hadron collider into a visible and an invisible particle, generalizing $W \to e \nu$, where the masses of the decaying particle and the invisible decay particle are, {\em a priori}, unknown. I prove that the transverse mass, when maximized over possible kinematic configurations, can be used to determine both of the unknown masses. I argue that the proof can be generalized to cover cases such as decays of pair-produced superpartners to the lightest, stable superpartner at the Large Hadron Collider.

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References

Forward citations

Cited by 8 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

Kinematical variables towards new dynamics at the LHC
hep-ph 2010-06 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

The paper defines boost-invariant kinematic variables M_R and R whose distributions peak at the mass splitting of pair-produced particles and whose ratio suppresses QCD dijet background.
On measuring the masses of pair-produced semi-invisibly decaying particles at hadron colliders
hep-ph 2008-02 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

A new kinematic variable, the contransverse mass, is invariant under opposite equal transverse boosts and has an endpoint that measures (m(delta)^2 - m(alpha)^2)/m(delta) for pair-produced semi-invisible decays.
Guide to transverse projections and mass-constraining variables
hep-ph 2011-05 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

Many hadron-collider mass variables are special cases of a single mass-bound construction, distinguished only by which transverse projection and which order of operations they use.
Dark Matter Particle Spectroscopy at the LHC: Generalizing MT2 to Asymmetric Event Topologies
hep-ph 2009-11 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

Generalizing the MT2 variable to asymmetric children masses yields two independent methods, a ridge in the endpoint surface and upstream-momentum invariance, that together determine the parent and both children masses...
Using Subsystem MT2 for Complete Mass Determinations in Decay Chains with Missing Energy at Hadron Colliders
hep-ph 2008-10 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Subsystem MT2 variables, with analytically derived endpoints, supply enough independent measurements to determine all three masses in a short X2 to X1 to X0 decay chain, a case where endpoint and polynomial methods fail.

Show 3 more citing papers

Weighing Wimps with Kinks at Colliders: Invisible Particle Mass Measurements from Endpoints
hep-ph 2007-11 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

The endpoint of the transverse mass as a function of the hypothesized invisible mass has a kink at the true invisible mass, and the kink coordinates yield both unknown masses in most single- and pair-production topologies.
Measuring superparticle masses at hadron collider using the transverse mass kink
hep-ph 2007-11 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

The maximum of the mT2 variable develops a kink at the true LSP mass when each superparticle decays to multiple visible particles, enabling simultaneous measurement of the mother and LSP masses at the LHC.
A Review of the Mass Measurement Techniques proposed for the Large Hadron Collider
hep-ph 2010-04 accept novelty 1.0 of 10

The paper is a structured review of kinematic mass measurement techniques for LHC events with invisible particles, organized by decay topology and paired with their assumptions and known limitations.

How later papers used it

58 later papers cite it

Evidence: some. 56 of the citing papers share no author with it, and 6 of those carry a confident label from Pith's citation classifier.

Pith read 9 of the 96 citing sentences, choosing only those whose citation markers point at this paper alone, and wrote the paraphrases from them. The summary, the counts, the evidence level, the links and the quotes come from code; the summary counts the papers listed below. A later paper is listed under a label when Pith's citation classifier gives one of its sentences that label at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), Pith's reading finds that the citing paper itself did it, and a second check confirms the paraphrase against the sentence. This section lists uses only. It does not list criticism or disagreement, so their absence here says nothing about how the paper has been received. Papers that share an author with this one are listed apart, under "By the same authors". A quote is the citing authors' own sentence, shown when their paper's licence is CC BY, CC BY-SA or CC0. JSON

1 paper by the same authors is listed below: 1 built on it.

Builds on it 1 of 2 papers with this label · 1 by the same authors

By the same authors

Extended the analyses of both another work and this paper.

Weighing Wimps with Kinks at Colliders: Invisible Particle Mass Measurements from Endpoints (2007) (same authors) · 1.00 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting

How the literature uses it

58 arXiv papers cite this in 96 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers citing it · 63 sentences without a confident label

Builds on it 2 papers

Our first method is simply a generalization of the observation made in Refs. [ref] that under certain circumstances (varying $m_(λ)$ or nonvanishing upstream momentum $P_UTM$), the function ([ref]) develops a “kink” precisely at the correct value $M_c$ of the child mass: [equation] In other words, the function ([ref]) is continuous, but not differentiable at the point $M̃_c=M_c$.

Dark Matter Particle Spectroscopy at the LHC: Generalizing MT2 to Asymmetric Event Topologies · Generalizing $M_T2$ to asymmetric event topologies · 0.81
In doing so we extend the analyses of both [ref] and [ref] .

Weighing Wimps with Kinks at Colliders: Invisible Particle Mass Measurements from Endpoints · Introduction · 1.00

Uses its method or tool 3 papers

This method, called the $$-kink method [ref] ,[ For another method, also applicable to short decay chains, see [ref] .] exploits the fact that the endpoint value of the transverse mass variable $$, regarded as a function of the trial mass $m_χ$ of the missing particle in the decay products, exhibits a kink at $m_χ=m_χ^true$ [ref] .

Sparticle masses from transverse mass kinks at the LHC: the case of Yukawa-unified SUSY GUTs · The $$-kink method · 0.85
Regardless of whether the $W$ bosons are in on-shell or not, one can construct the event-by-event variable $M_T2$ [ref] which is given by[For recent applications of $M_T2$ to mass determination, see [ref] .] [equation] where $_T$ denotes the missing transverse momentum carried by neutrinos, and $M_T^(1) ,(2)$ are the transverse masses of the two decaying $W$ bosons, which are given by [equation]

Reconstructing the Higgs boson in dileptonic W decays at hadron collider · $M_T2$-assisted on-shell (MAOS) momentum · 0.83
The $(1+2)$ dimensional transverse mass variable, $M_T2$ [ref] , plays a pivotal role in reducing the background events.

Collider signature of $U_1$ Leptoquark and constraints from $b\to c$ observables · Collider analysis · 0.85

Compares with it 3 papers

While Cho et al. dealt with the class of events where the sum of the two parents' transverse momenta is strictly vanishing, [ref] dealt with the class of events in which the transverse momenta could be arbitrarily large.

Weighing Wimps with Kinks at Colliders: Invisible Particle Mass Measurements from Endpoints · Introduction · 0.98
This technique is complementary to the $M_T2$ “kink" method where one looks for a kink instead of a crossing point [ref] (other techniques for measuring the absolute daughter mass are described in [ref] ). * We propose methods for identifying the event topology and resolving combinatorial ambiguities.

On-shell constrained $M_2$ variables with applications to mass measurements and topology disambiguation · Introduction · 0.87
Before concluding this section, let us discuss the connection between the focus point method presented here and the kink method for mass measurements [ref] .

Singularity Variables for Missing Energy Event Kinematics · The focus point method · 0.90

Cites it as background 23 papers

A celebrated feature of $M_T2$ is the existence of a kink (i.e., a discontinuity in the gradient) in the relationship ([ref]) derived from the $M_T2$ kinematic endpoint [ref] .

$M_{TN}$ is all you need: production of multiple semi-invisible resonances at hadron colliders · Kink structure · 0.80
Some exercises have been carried out for some model points where only gluino - gluino production can be observed, or for several other decay patterns without specifying the selection processes [ref] .

Inclusive transverse mass analysis for squark and gluino mass determination · Introduction · 0.81
Important kinematical variables are peak position of $M_eff$ distribution, the endpoints of invariant mass distributions of jets and leptons [ref] , the endpoint of $M_T2$ distributions [ref] .

Controlling ISR in sparticle mass reconstruction · Introduction · 0.90

What it cites · 2 sentences without a confident label

Cites as support 1 paper

Cho et al. [ref] have recently given evidence that this problem can be surmounted as well.

Gluino Stransverse Mass · Introduction · 0.98

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