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Crossing the Phantom Divide with Parameterized Post-Friedmann Dark Energy
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Dark energy models with a single scalar field cannot cross the equation of state divide set by a cosmological constant. More general models that allow crossing require additional degrees of freedom to ensure gravitational stability. We show that a parameterized post-Friedmann description of cosmic acceleration provides a simple but accurate description of multiple scalar field crossing models. Moreover the prescription provides a well controlled approximation for a wide range of "smooth" dark energy models. It conserves energy and momentum and is exact in the metric evolution on scales well above and below the transition scale to relative smoothness. Standard linear perturbation tools have been altered to include this description and made publicly available for studies of the dark energy involving cosmological structure out to the horizon scale.
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Cited by 6 Pith papers
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DESI DR2 Results II: Measurements of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations and Cosmological Constraints
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First-year DESI BAO data are consistent with flat LambdaCDM and, when combined with CMB, show a 2.5-3.9 sigma preference for evolving dark energy (w0 > -1, wa < 0) that strengthens with certain supernova datasets.
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Dynamical couplings in interacting dark energy models reduce deviations from LambdaCDM to 1.3-1.5 sigma and yield no Bayesian preference over the standard model.
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Early dark energy resolves CMB-BAO tension and, combined with thawing quintessence, reduces overall cosmological tensions without phantom crossing.
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Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters
Final Planck CMB data confirms the flat 6-parameter ΛCDM model with Ω_c h² = 0.120 ± 0.001, Ω_b h² = 0.0224 ± 0.0001, n_s = 0.965 ± 0.004, τ = 0.054 ± 0.007, H_0 = 67.4 ± 0.5 km/s/Mpc, and no strong evidence for extensions.
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Extended analysis of DESI DR2 data confirms robust evidence for dynamical dark energy with phantom crossing preference, stable under parametric and non-parametric modeling.
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