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Hydrodynamics of fundamental matter
High Energy Physics - Theory · Submitted 17 Dec 2009
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim The bulk viscosity is found to saturate Buchel's bound.
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The abstract, sentence by sentence
First and second order transport coefficients are calculated for the strongly coupled N=4 SYM plasma coupled to massless fundamental matter in the Veneziano limit. The results, including among others the value of the bulk viscosity and some relaxation times, are presented at next-to-leading order in the flavor contribution. The bulk viscosity is found to saturate Buchel's bound. This result is also captured by an effective single-scalar five-dimensional holographic dual in the Chamblin-Reall class and it is suggested to hold, in the limit of small deformations, for generic plasmas with gravity duals, whenever the leading conformality breaking effects are driven by marginally (ir)relevant operators. This proposal is then extended to other relations for hydrodynamic coefficients, which are conjectured to be universal for every non-conformal plasma with a dual Chamblin-Reall-like description. Our analysis extends to any strongly coupled gauge theory describing the low energy dynamics of Nc>>1 D3-branes at the tip of a generic Calabi-Yau cone. The fundamental fields are added by means of 1<<Nf<<Nc homogeneously smeared D7-branes.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | First and second order transport coefficients are calculated for the strongly coupled N=4 SYM plasma coupled to massless fundamental matter in the Veneziano limit. | contribution 0.99 | 0.93 | 0.12 | asserted 1.00 |
| s1 | The results, including among others the value of the bulk viscosity and some relaxation times, are presented at next-to-leading order in the flavor contribution. | result 0.76 | 0.93 | 0.12 | asserted 0.99 |
| s2 | The bulk viscosity is found to saturate Buchel's bound. | result 1.00 | 0.94 | 0.48 | asserted 1.00 |
| s3 | This result is also captured by an effective single-scalar five-dimensional holographic dual in the Chamblin-Reall class and it is suggested to hold, in the limit of small deformations, for generic plasmas with gravity duals, whenever the leading conformality breaking effects are driven by marginally (ir)relevant operators. | interpretation 0.91 | 0.60 | 0.42 | hedged possibility 0.82 |
| s4 | This proposal is then extended to other relations for hydrodynamic coefficients, which are conjectured to be universal for every non-conformal plasma with a dual Chamblin-Reall-like description. | interpretation 0.52 | 0.64 | 0.19 | speculative 0.93 |
| s5 | Our analysis extends to any strongly coupled gauge theory describing the low energy dynamics of Nc>>1 D3-branes at the tip of a generic Calabi-Yau cone. | contribution 0.79 | 0.60 | 0.08 | asserted 1.00 |
| s6 | The fundamental fields are added by means of 1<<Nf<<Nc homogeneously smeared D7-branes. | method 1.00 | 0.67 | 0.02 | asserted 1.00 |
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The paper
Original abstract
First and second order transport coefficients are calculated for the strongly coupled N=4 SYM plasma coupled to massless fundamental matter in the Veneziano limit. The results, including among others the value of the bulk viscosity and some relaxation times, are presented at next-to-leading order in the flavor contribution. The bulk viscosity is found to saturate Buchel's bound. This result is also captured by an effective single-scalar five-dimensional holographic dual in the Chamblin-Reall class and it is suggested to hold, in the limit of small deformations, for generic plasmas with gravity duals, whenever the leading conformality breaking effects are driven by marginally (ir)relevant operators. This proposal is then extended to other relations for hydrodynamic coefficients, which are conjectured to be universal for every non-conformal plasma with a dual Chamblin-Reall-like description. Our analysis extends to any strongly coupled gauge theory describing the low energy dynamics of Nc>>1 D3-branes at the tip of a generic Calabi-Yau cone. The fundamental fields are added by means of 1<<Nf<<Nc homogeneously smeared D7-branes.
Human review
References
How the literature uses it
24 arXiv papers cite this in 46 sentences
Papers citing it · 30 sentences without a confident label
Builds on it 1 paper
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The case of the charged black hole was later studied in [ref] by including the effects of finite, small charge density per flavor perturbatively in the black hole solution of [ref] (which is itself perturbative in $ϵ_*$).[These solutions have been studied further in [ref] .] In the present paper we generalize this work by giving the exact, in charge density per flavor, charged black hole solution (again, still perturbative in $ϵ_*$).
Charged D3-D7 plasmas: novel solutions, extremality and stability issues · Technical overview · 1.00
Uses its method or tool 1 paper
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This contribution also diverges as $r^4$, but exactly with the right coefficient to cancel out the divergence present in $I_on-shell$, thus giving a finite result for the total action[These counterterms have been used in the same system already in Ref. [ref] , where transport coefficients were studied.] I_renormalized = I_on-shell + I_boundary = - 4 β V/L^5κ_5^2 ( κ_- κ_ϕ- r_h^4 + 3 L^4 ) .
Holography with a Landau pole · Thermodynamics · 0.86
Uses its data or values 1 paper
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The action is [equation] Here $C ≈1 + 23/108 ϵ_* - 371/23328 ϵ_*^2 + 𝒪( 1/r^4 )$. $ϵ_*$ is an expansion parameter at some specially chosen UV cutoff of the model, the details can be found in [ref] .
Compactified AdS black holes, Chamblin-Reall background, and their dual non-conformal relativistic fluids · The D3-D7 model · 0.81
Compares with it 2 papers
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In this case, the relations in Table [ref] match precisely the coefficients calculated in [ref] [The small parameter in [ref] was denoted as $ϵ_h^2=6δ$.] and complete the determination of all the second order transport coefficients in those plasmas.
An elementary stringy estimate of transport coefficients of large temperature QCD · Derivation · 0.83
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In particular we see that the presence of a magnetic field in our setup breaks conformal invariance at first order in $λ_h N_f/N_c$ even when the fundamental degrees of freedom we included are massless (in the absence of magnetic field the breaking of conformal invariance happens at order $ϵ_h^2$, see [ref] .
D3/D7 Quark-Gluon Plasma with Magnetically Induced Anisotropy · Speed of sound · 0.86
Cites it as support 1 paper
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The fact that this is a consistent truncation of the (charged) D3-D7 system implies that the analysis of hydrodynamic modes performed in [ref] is correct, since those works rely on the study of the fluctuations of a consistent truncation.
Consistent reduction of charged D3-D7 systems · Three uncharged sub-truncations · 0.97
Cites it as background 7 papers
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After reducing on the compact manifold $𝐓^1 ×CP^2$ [ref] , one gets a 5-dimensional Einstein gravity coupled with 3 background scalars.
Compactified AdS black holes, Chamblin-Reall background, and their dual non-conformal relativistic fluids · The D3-D7 model · 0.84
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Using gauge/gravity duality to study hydrodynamic properties of strongly coupled non-Abelian gauge theories has gained great success [ref] (for reviews see [ref] ).
Spectral function and quark diffusion constant in non-critical holographic QCD · Introduction · 0.80
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In this paper we study the equilibrium properties of the cascading gauge theory at finite temperature[Hydrodynamics of the cascading gauge theory plasma was discussed in [ref] .].
Chiral symmetry breaking in cascading gauge theory plasma · Introduction and Summary · 0.94
What it cites · 88 sentences without a confident label
Builds on 1 paper
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Our proposal is a natural extension of the results in [ref] , valid for relevant or exactly marginal deformations.
Universal relations of transport coefficients from holography · Introduction · 0.99
Uses the method or tool of 5 papers
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Due to this observation we can immediately apply the recipes of [ref] , based on a single-scalar five-dimensional model, to our cases.
Bulk viscosity of strongly coupled plasmas with holographic duals · Bulk viscosity of D3-D7 plasmas · 0.97
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The retarded correlator of the corresponding components of the energy momentum tensor [equation] is related to the on-shell action by [ref] [equation]
Minkowski-space correlators in AdS/CFT correspondence: recipe and applications · Tensorial perturbation · 0.98
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To cure this divergence we have to add the following counterterms [ref] [equation] where $K$ is the scalar associated to the extrinsic curvature, $γ$ is the four-dimensional metric at the boundary, $C[ϕ]$ is a function of the scalars and $W[ϕ]$ is the superpotential [equation] from which the potential ([ref]) can be derived as [equation]
Black hole mass and Hamilton-Jacobi counterterms · Tensorial perturbation · 0.95
Uses data or values from 1 paper
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In [ref] the following quantities were obtained [equation] where $T_0$ and $p_0=π^5 N_c^2 T_0^4/8 Vol(X_5)$ are the temperature and pressure of the unflavored conformal plasmas, and $ε$ is the energy density.
D3-D7 Quark-Gluon Plasmas · Main results · 0.80
Compares with 5 papers
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It is possible to verify, as above, that $h_11^(0)(ϕ_h)=1$ at leading order, such that ζ/η = V'(ϕ_h)^2/V(ϕ_h)^2= 8/9δ , nicely reproducing the results found in [ref] by means of the alternative analysis of the hydrodynamical pole in the stress-energy tensor.
Hydrodynamics of the cascading plasma · The bulk viscosity of the cascading plasma · 0.99
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The numerical value of $ζ/η$, of order $10^-3$ for $ϵ_h∼O(10^-1)$ [ref] , is quite small as compared to the expected one in the near-conformal region of QCD, i.e. $ζ/η∼O(10^-1)$ [ref] .
A calculation of the bulk viscosity in SU(3) gluodynamics · Main results · 0.89
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The numerical value of $ζ/η$, of order $10^-3$ for $ϵ_h∼O(10^-1)$ [ref] , is quite small as compared to the expected one in the near-conformal region of QCD, i.e. $ζ/η∼O(10^-1)$ [ref] .
D3-D7 Quark-Gluon Plasmas · Main results · 0.89
Cites as background 13 papers
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In this section we summarize the results obtained in [ref] for the non-extremal gravity solution describing an intersection of two sets of $N_c≫1$ D3-branes and $1≪N_f≪N_c$ D7-branes, where the backreaction of both stacks is taken into account.
D3-D7 Quark-Gluon Plasmas · The background · 0.95
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Hydrodynamic studies by means of the gauge/gravity correspondence have been focusing to-date on theories without fundamental flavors (apart from what concerns the universal shear viscosity [ref] ).
Holographic Viscosity of Fundamental Matter · Introduction · 0.93
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Hydrodynamic studies by means of the gauge/gravity correspondence have been focusing to-date on theories without fundamental flavors (apart from what concerns the universal shear viscosity [ref] ).
Viscosity in Strongly Interacting Quantum Field Theories from Black Hole Physics · Introduction · 0.93
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