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Black Holes and the Strong CP Problem

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Paper breakdownThe authors' claims, conditions and measurements, as JSON Signed receiptProof this review has not been altered
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John Swain

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Submitted 6 May 2010

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim We show that this problem disappears if one assumes the existence of at least one black hole somewhere in the universe.

how it is stated · asserted 1.00 read the record →

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arXiv ID1005.1097 (version 2)
Pith IDKS2WRPU3, Pith's permanent record of this paper and its review
CitationJohn Swain. "Black Holes and the Strong CP Problem." arXiv:1005.1097 (2010). https://pith.science/paper/KS2WRPU3
Claim paper

The compiled record

The paper's own sentences, arranged. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

Open the compiled record

Compiled by classifier-1.13-20260917 via OpenRouter, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 2,975 input tokens, $0.0001 reported.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.04 · states limitation 0.25 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.02 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.04 · compares with prior results 0.54 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v2. Results and the main claim are underlined; .

The strong CP problem is that SU(3) gauge field instantons naturally induce a CP violating term in the QCD Lagrangian which is constrained by experiment to be very small for no obvious reason. We show that this problem disappears if one assumes the existence of at least one black hole somewhere in the universe. The argument is reminiscent of Dirac's argument for the quantization of charge, in which the existence of one monople anywhere in the universe suffices to require the quantization of electric charge everywhere.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#sentencerolethe authors' own workstates the main conclusionstrength
s0 The strong CP problem is that SU(3) gauge field instantons naturally induce a CP violating term in the QCD Lagrangian which is constrained by experiment to be very small for no obvious reason. background 1.00 0.04 0.03 asserted 1.00
s1 We show that this problem disappears if one assumes the existence of at least one black hole somewhere in the universe. result 0.89 0.87 0.94 asserted 1.00
s2 The argument is reminiscent of Dirac's argument for the quantization of charge, in which the existence of one monople anywhere in the universe suffices to require the quantization of electric charge everywhere. interpretation 0.91 0.11 0.05 asserted 0.88

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: theoretical result 0.98 · evidence from argument 0.91.

What was examined, and what was not

sources read
  • arXiv listing abstract v2
not examined
  • full text
  • figures and tables
  • references and citing sentences
  • relations to other papers
levels run
  • P abstract
not run
  • S sections
  • T body sentences
  • C citations
  • R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper
Original abstract

The strong CP problem is that SU(3) gauge field instantons naturally induce a CP violating term in the QCD Lagrangian which is constrained by experiment to be very small for no obvious reason. We show that this problem disappears if one assumes the existence of at least one black hole somewhere in the universe. The argument is reminiscent of Dirac's argument for the quantization of charge, in which the existence of one monople anywhere in the universe suffices to require the quantization of electric charge everywhere.

Human review

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How the literature uses it

3 arXiv papers cite this in 3 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers citing it · 2 sentences without a confident label

Cites it as background 1 paper

What it cites

Cites as background 1 paper
  • In quantum chromodynamics (QCD) [ref] - the generally accepted theory of quarks and gluons - there was a prediction that there should be a light pseudoscalar particle associated with the conserved current associated with global chiral rotations of the quarks.

    The Strong CP Problem and Axions · Introduction · 1.00

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