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Merging and Clustering of the Swift BAT AGN Sample

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Paper breakdownThe authors' claims, conditions and measurements, as JSON Signed receiptProof this review has not been altered
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Michael Koss, Richard Mushotzky, Sylvain Veilleux, Lisa Winter

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Submitted 1 Jun 2010

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim We find a higher incidence of galaxies with signs of disruption compared to a matched control sample (18% versus 1%) and of close pairs within 30 kpc (24% versus 1%).

how it is stated · asserted 1.00 read the record →

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arXiv ID1006.0228 (version 1)
Pith IDVNT5YYV3, Pith's permanent record of this paper and its review
CitationLisa Winter, Michael Koss, Richard Mushotzky, Sylvain Veilleux. "Merging and Clustering of the Swift BAT AGN Sample." arXiv:1006.0228 (2010). https://pith.science/paper/VNT5YYV3
Claim paper

The compiled record

The paper's own sentences, arranged. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

Open the compiled record

Compiled by classifier-1.13-20260917 via OpenRouter, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 4,424 input tokens, $0.0002 reported.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.03 · states limitation 0.34 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.98 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.99 · compares with prior results 0.91 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v1. Results and the main claim are underlined; .

We discuss the merger rate, close galaxy environment, and clustering on scales up to a Mpc of the SWIFT BAT hard X-ray sample of nearby (z<0.05), moderate-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGN). We find a higher incidence of galaxies with signs of disruption compared to a matched control sample (18% versus 1%) and of close pairs within 30 kpc (24% versus 1%). We also find a larger fraction with companions compared to normal galaxies and optical emission line selected AGN at scales up to 250 kpc. We hypothesize that these merging AGN may not be identified using optical emission line diagnostics because of optical extinction and dilution by star formation. In support of this hypothesis, in merging systems we find a higher hard X-ray to [OIII] flux ratio, as well as emission line diagnostics characteristic of composite or star-forming galaxies, and a larger IRAS 60 um to stellar mass ratio.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#sentencerolethe authors' own workstates the main conclusionstrength
s0 We discuss the merger rate, close galaxy environment, and clustering on scales up to a Mpc of the SWIFT BAT hard X-ray sample of nearby (z<0.05), moderate-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGN). contribution 1.00 0.68 0.07 unclear 0.79
s1 We find a higher incidence of galaxies with signs of disruption compared to a matched control sample (18% versus 1%) and of close pairs within 30 kpc (24% versus 1%). result 1.00 0.97 0.41 asserted 1.00
s2 We also find a larger fraction with companions compared to normal galaxies and optical emission line selected AGN at scales up to 250 kpc. result 1.00 0.95 0.17 asserted 1.00
s3 We hypothesize that these merging AGN may not be identified using optical emission line diagnostics because of optical extinction and dilution by star formation. interpretation 1.00 0.10 0.12 hedged possibility 0.94
s4 In support of this hypothesis, in merging systems we find a higher hard X-ray to [OIII] flux ratio, as well as emission line diagnostics characteristic of composite or star-forming galaxies, and a larger IRAS 60 um to stellar mass ratio. result 0.85 0.95 0.15 asserted 0.96

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: empirical study 1.00 · evidence from analysis of existing data 0.87.

What was examined, and what was not

sources read
  • arXiv listing abstract v1
not examined
  • full text
  • figures and tables
  • references and citing sentences
  • relations to other papers
levels run
  • P abstract
not run
  • S sections
  • T body sentences
  • C citations
  • R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper
Original abstract

We discuss the merger rate, close galaxy environment, and clustering on scales up to a Mpc of the SWIFT BAT hard X-ray sample of nearby (z<0.05), moderate-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGN). We find a higher incidence of galaxies with signs of disruption compared to a matched control sample (18% versus 1%) and of close pairs within 30 kpc (24% versus 1%). We also find a larger fraction with companions compared to normal galaxies and optical emission line selected AGN at scales up to 250 kpc. We hypothesize that these merging AGN may not be identified using optical emission line diagnostics because of optical extinction and dilution by star formation. In support of this hypothesis, in merging systems we find a higher hard X-ray to [OIII] flux ratio, as well as emission line diagnostics characteristic of composite or star-forming galaxies, and a larger IRAS 60 um to stellar mass ratio.

Human review

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References
How later papers used it

47 later papers cite it

Evidence: substantial. 37 of the citing papers share no author with it, and 7 of those carry a confident label from Pith's citation classifier.

Pith read 13 of the 65 citing sentences, choosing only those whose citation markers point at this paper alone, and wrote the paraphrases from them. The summary, the counts, the evidence level, the links and the quotes come from code; the summary counts the papers listed below. A later paper is listed under a label when Pith's citation classifier gives one of its sentences that label at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), Pith's reading finds that the citing paper itself did it, and a second check confirms the paraphrase against the sentence. This section lists uses only. It does not list criticism or disagreement, so their absence here says nothing about how the paper has been received. Papers that share an author with this one are listed apart, under "By the same authors". A quote is the citing authors' own sentence, shown when their paper's licence is CC BY, CC BY-SA or CC0. JSON

Uses its method or tool 1 paper · 1 by the same authors

By the same authors

  • Defined mergers in the same way as this paper and another work, requiring a projected distance of at most 30 kpc and a radial velocity difference of <500 km s^-1 between the galaxy and its companion.

    Decreased Specific Star Formation Rates in AGN Host Galaxies (2015) (same authors) · 0.99 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting

Cites it as support 1 of 6 papers with this label
How the literature uses it

1 arXiv paper cite this in 1 sentence

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers citing it

Cites it as support 1 paper

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