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Time-like and space-like electromagnetic form factors of nucleons, a unified description
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Submitted 30 Jan 2012
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim The knowledge of the complete analytic structure of form factors enables predictions at extended momentum transfer, and also of time-like observables such as the ratio between electric and magnetic form factors and their relative phase.
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The abstract, sentence by sentence
The extended Lomon-Gari-Kr\"umpelmann model of nucleon electromagnetic form factors, which embodies \rho, \rho', \omega, \omega' and \phi vector meson contributions and the perturbative QCD high momentum transfer behavior has been extended to the time-like region. Breit-Wigner formulae with momentum-dependent widths have been considered for broad resonances in order to have a parametrization for the electromagnetic form factors that fulfills, in the time-like region, constraints from causality, analyticity, and unitarity. This analytic extension of the Lomon-Gari-Kr\"umpelmann model has been used to perform a unified fit to all the nucleon electromagnetic form factor data, in the space-like and time-like region (where form factor values are extracted from e+e- <-> nucleon-antinucleon cross sections data). The knowledge of the complete analytic structure of form factors enables predictions at extended momentum transfer, and also of time-like observables such as the ratio between electric and magnetic form factors and their relative phase.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | The extended Lomon-Gari-Kr\"umpelmann model of nucleon electromagnetic form factors, which embodies \rho, \rho', \omega, \omega' and \phi vector meson contributions and the perturbative QCD high momentum transfer behavior has been extended to the time-like region. | contribution 0.80 | 0.78 | 0.10 | asserted 1.00 |
| s1 | Breit-Wigner formulae with momentum-dependent widths have been considered for broad resonances in order to have a parametrization for the electromagnetic form factors that fulfills, in the time-like region, constraints from causality, analyticity, and unitarity. | method 0.97 | 0.66 | 0.06 | asserted 0.95 |
| s2 | This analytic extension of the Lomon-Gari-Kr\"umpelmann model has been used to perform a unified fit to all the nucleon electromagnetic form factor data, in the space-like and time-like region (where form factor values are extracted from e+e- <-> nucleon-antinucleon cross sections data). | contribution 0.56 | 0.91 | 0.28 | asserted 1.00 |
| s3 | The knowledge of the complete analytic structure of form factors enables predictions at extended momentum transfer, and also of time-like observables such as the ratio between electric and magnetic form factors and their relative phase. | interpretation 0.86 | 0.53 | 0.35 | asserted 0.96 |
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The paper
Original abstract
The extended Lomon-Gari-Kr\"umpelmann model of nucleon electromagnetic form factors, which embodies \rho, \rho', \omega, \omega' and \phi vector meson contributions and the perturbative QCD high momentum transfer behavior has been extended to the time-like region. Breit-Wigner formulae with momentum-dependent widths have been considered for broad resonances in order to have a parametrization for the electromagnetic form factors that fulfills, in the time-like region, constraints from causality, analyticity, and unitarity. This analytic extension of the Lomon-Gari-Kr\"umpelmann model has been used to perform a unified fit to all the nucleon electromagnetic form factor data, in the space-like and time-like region (where form factor values are extracted from e+e- <-> nucleon-antinucleon cross sections data). The knowledge of the complete analytic structure of form factors enables predictions at extended momentum transfer, and also of time-like observables such as the ratio between electric and magnetic form factors and their relative phase.
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References
How the literature uses it
16 arXiv papers cite this in 19 sentences
Papers citing it · 13 sentences without a confident label
Contests it 1 paper
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One key advantage of our formalism is that the resulting spectral function is automatically normalized, which is not the case when improving Breit–Wigner-type parameterizations of the imaginary part of a resonance propagator via a dispersion integral [ref] .
From pole parameters to line shapes and branching ratios · Generalization to higher partial waves · contest 0.81
Uses its method or tool 2 papers
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Additionally, since in the phenomenological model used to evaluate the diagrams of Fig. [ref], the $a_2$ tensor meson is assumed to have no width, the procedure described in Sec. 3.2 of Ref. [ref] can be applied here to approximate finite-width effects by means of smearing out the resonance with the help of dispersively improved Breit–Wigner (BW) functions [ref] .
Dispersion relation for hadronic light-by-light scattering: $\eta$ and $\eta'$ poles · $η^'→2(π^+π^-)$ amplitude · 0.99
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Moreover, the resonances are described via dispersively improved Breit–Wigner-type parameterizations [ref] to ensure that the correct analytic structure is maintained.
Extracting the chiral anomaly from $e^+e^-\to 3\pi$ · Dispersive formalism · 0.96
Uses its data or values 1 paper
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At threshold we use the solid black line of Fig. 11 of [ref] and the $V$-width is then given by
Cosmological Constraints on Very Dark Photons · Appendix D: BBN Analysis · 0.99
Cites it as background 2 papers
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Many of them make use of dispersion relations, see for example Refs. [ref] , others suggest new models (for instance, in Ref. [ref] , a semi-phenomenological microscopic model is proposed) and some others use analytic continuation methods to extend, to all values of $q^2$, parametrizations usually defined only in the SL or TL region [ref] .
Analytic continuation of nucleon electromagnetic form factors in the time-like region · Introduction · 0.92
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These are analytically connected and can be simultaneously studied within the vector-meson-dominance models [ref] , dispersion approaches [ref] , perturbative QCD parametrization [ref] , chiral perturbation theory [ref] , and so on (See Ref. [ref] for recent review).
Toy model to understand oscillatory behavior in timelike nucleon form factors · Introduction · 0.95
What it cites · 12 sentences without a confident label
Builds on 2 papers
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The Lomon version~ [ref] , which fits well all the space-like data now available included two more well identified vector mesons and an analytic correction to the form of the $ $ meson propagator suitable for describing the effect of its decay width in the space-like region fitted to a dispersive analysis by Mergell, Meissner, and Drechsel~ [ref] .\\ This model describes the isospin components, eq.~([ref]), in order to separate different species of vector meson contributions.
Dispersion-Theoretical Analysis of the Nucleon Electromagnetic Formfactors · The Model · 0.80
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The Lomon version~ [ref] , which fits well all the space-like data now available included two more well identified vector mesons and an analytic correction to the form of the $ $ meson propagator suitable for describing the effect of its decay width in the space-like region fitted to a dispersive analysis by Mergell, Meissner, and Drechsel~ [ref] .\\ This model describes the isospin components, eq.~([ref]), in order to separate different species of vector meson contributions.
Effect of revised $R_n$ measurements on extended Gari-Krumpelmann model fits to nucleon electromagnetic form factors · The Model · 0.80
Uses data or values from 4 papers
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Nine sets of data have been considered, six of them lie in the space-like region [ref] and three in the time-like region [ref] .
The Role of Mesons in the Electromagnetic Form Factors of the Nucleon · Results · 1.00
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Nine sets of data have been considered, six of them lie in the space-like region [ref] and three in the time-like region [ref] .
Measurement of the cross section for e^+e^- -> ppbar at center-of-mass energies from 2.0 to 3.07 GeV · Results · 1.00
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Nine sets of data have been considered, six of them lie in the space-like region [ref] and three in the time-like region [ref] .
Precision Measurements of the Timelike Electromagnetic Form Factors of Pion, Kaon, and Proton · Results · 1.00
Cites as background 1 paper
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The Lomon-Gari-Krumpelman Model [ref] was developed for and fitted to space-like EMFF data.
Effect of revised $R_n$ measurements on extended Gari-Krumpelmann model fits to nucleon electromagnetic form factors · Discussion · 0.83
Discussion
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