Neutrino Hierarchies from a Gauge Symmetry

Julian Heeck; Werner Rodejohann

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Neutrino Hierarchies from a Gauge Symmetry

Julian Heeck, Werner Rodejohann

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Submitted 14 Mar 2012

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim Breaking the B + 3 (L_e - L_mu - L_tau) symmetry spontaneously below the seesaw scale generates low energy neutrino mass matrices with the approximate symmetries L_e (leading to normal hierarchy) or L_e - L_mu - L_tau (inverted hierarchy).

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What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.03 · states limitation 0.23 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.02 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.11 · compares with prior results 0.06 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

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arXiv listing abstract v2. Results and the main claim are underlined; show every role.

We consider the phenomenology of the gauged abelian symmetry B + 3 (L_e - L_mu - L_tau). Right-handed neutrinos necessary to cancel triangle anomalies are used in a type-I seesaw scheme to create active neutrino masses. Breaking the B + 3 (L_e - L_mu - L_tau) symmetry spontaneously below the seesaw scale generates low energy neutrino mass matrices with the approximate symmetries L_e (leading to normal hierarchy) or L_e - L_mu - L_tau (inverted hierarchy). For the latter we need to introduce a Z_2 symmetry which decouples one of the right-handed neutrinos. If exact, this Z_2 leads to a Majorana dark matter candidate that interacts with the Standard Model via the Z' and a scalar s originating from spontaneous breaking of the new symmetry. The measured relic abundance of the dark matter particle can be obtained around the scalar and Z' resonances, while direct detection experiments are mainly sensitive to scalar exchange, which is induced by mass mixing of s with the standard Higgs.

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What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#	sentence	role	the authors' own work	states the main conclusion	strength
s0	We consider the phenomenology of the gauged abelian symmetry B + 3 (L_e - L_mu - L_tau).	contribution 0.87	0.64	0.04	unclear 0.57
s1	Right-handed neutrinos necessary to cancel triangle anomalies are used in a type-I seesaw scheme to create active neutrino masses.	method 0.89	0.43	0.06	asserted 1.00
s2	Breaking the B + 3 (L_e - L_mu - L_tau) symmetry spontaneously below the seesaw scale generates low energy neutrino mass matrices with the approximate symmetries L_e (leading to normal hierarchy) or L_e - L_mu - L_tau (inverted hierarchy).	result 0.89	0.71	0.63	asserted 0.96
s3	For the latter we need to introduce a Z_2 symmetry which decouples one of the right-handed neutrinos.	method 0.78	0.63	0.07	asserted 0.98
s4	If exact, this Z_2 leads to a Majorana dark matter candidate that interacts with the Standard Model via the Z' and a scalar s originating from spontaneous breaking of the new symmetry.	result 0.44	0.55	0.12	asserted 0.88
s5	The measured relic abundance of the dark matter particle can be obtained around the scalar and Z' resonances, while direct detection experiments are mainly sensitive to scalar exchange, which is induced by mass mixing of s with the standard Higgs.	result 0.82	0.55	0.14	asserted 0.61

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: theoretical result 1.00 · evidence from proof or derivation 0.71.

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The paper

Original abstract

We consider the phenomenology of the gauged abelian symmetry B + 3 (L_e - L_mu - L_tau). Right-handed neutrinos necessary to cancel triangle anomalies are used in a type-I seesaw scheme to create active neutrino masses. Breaking the B + 3 (L_e - L_mu - L_tau) symmetry spontaneously below the seesaw scale generates low energy neutrino mass matrices with the approximate symmetries L_e (leading to normal hierarchy) or L_e - L_mu - L_tau (inverted hierarchy). For the latter we need to introduce a Z_2 symmetry which decouples one of the right-handed neutrinos. If exact, this Z_2 leads to a Majorana dark matter candidate that interacts with the Standard Model via the Z' and a scalar s originating from spontaneous breaking of the new symmetry. The measured relic abundance of the dark matter particle can be obtained around the scalar and Z' resonances, while direct detection experiments are mainly sensitive to scalar exchange, which is induced by mass mixing of s with the standard Higgs.

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References

Forward citations

Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

Cold keV dark matter from decays and scatterings
hep-ph 2017-06 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

Phase-space-suppressed freeze-in decays and near-resonant scatterings can produce keV-scale dark matter cold enough to satisfy Lyman-alpha constraints while keeping the parent particles in thermal equilibrium with the...
Addressing the LHC flavour anomalies with horizontal gauge symmetries
hep-ph 2015-03 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

A single U(1)' horizontal gauge symmetry with charges (L_mu - L_tau) - a(B1 + B2 - 2B3) can simultaneously account for the B to K* mu mu, R(K), and h to mu tau anomalies, predicting tau to 3mu at a rate within reach o...
Vanishing Minors in the Neutrino Mass Matrix from Abelian Gauge Symmetries
hep-ph 2012-03 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

Anomaly-free U(1) subgroups of U(1)_{B-L} x U(1)_{L_e-L_mu} x U(1)_{L_mu-L_tau} can enforce two-zero textures in the right-handed neutrino mass matrix with one or two singlet scalars, and these zeros survive the seesa...
Non-standard neutrino interactions in $U(1)'$ model after COHERENT data
hep-ph 2020-02 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

COHERENT cesium-iodide and argon data, plus forecasts for planned germanium, liquid-argon and sodium-iodide detectors, set exclusion regions on a light Z-prime boson that mediates non-standard neutrino interactions in...

How the literature uses it

8 arXiv papers cite this in 9 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers citing it · 7 sentences without a confident label

Cites it as background 2 papers

Models based on gauge symmetries that are linear combinations of the baryon number $B$ and the individual lepton flavor numbers $L_α$ ($α=e,μ,τ$) have also been extensively discussed [ref] .

Anomaly-free U(1) gauge symmetries in neutrino seesaw flavor models · Introduction · 0.89
Well-known examples are $B-3L_τ$ [ref] , $L_μ-L_τ$ [ref] , $B+3(L_e-L_μ-L_τ)$ [ref] etc.

$U(1)_{B-3L_{\alpha}}$ Extended Scotogenic Models and Single-zero Textures of Neutrino Mass Matrices · Introduction · 0.97

What it cites · 28 sentences without a confident label

Builds on 1 paper

Since in Ref. [ref] it is only briefly mentioned that the mass matrix for the right-handed neutrinos has no vanishing entries in the broken case, we feel it is still worth discussing the neutrino masses in more detail, due to their interesting structure.

Gauged B-x_i L origin of R parity and its implications · Gauged B + 3 (Le-Lmu-Ltau) Symmetry · 0.86

Uses the method or tool of 2 papers

Using a modified version of GAPP [ref] to fit our model with an arbitrary scalar sector we obtain the $95%$ C.L. limit $|g'sinθ|≲10^-4$ (see Fig. [ref]) from electroweak precision data.

Constraints on Extended Neutral Gauge Structures · Gauge Sector · 1.00
This would however necessitate a more complicated model, so Occam's razor suggests an exact $2$.] We show the relic abundance of $χ$ as a function of its mass and the $h$-$s$ mixing angle $α$ in Fig. [ref], as calculated with a modified version of microMEGAs [ref] .

micrOMEGAs2.0: a program to calculate the relic density of dark matter in a generic model · Dark Matter · 1.00

Uses data or values from 2 papers

[ref] , because the $Z'$ couples strongly to the electron ($Y'(e) = 3$).

A Combination of Preliminary Electroweak Measurements and Constraints on the Standard Model · Gauge Sector · 0.89
The measured relic density [ref] $Ω_χh^2 = 0.1123 ±0.0035$ can be obtained around either of the scalar $s$-channel resonances $M_χ≃m_i/2$, but for the $ϕ_1$-resonance one needs a large mixing angle $α$.

Seven-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Cosmological Interpretation · Dark Matter · 1.00

Compares with 1 paper

The arising effects are nearly identical to the highly discussed minimal $B-L$ scalar sector [ref] , the main difference being a larger $Z'$ coupling to leptons, right-handed neutrinos and the scalar $s$; for these particles, $B-L$ results can be translated via $g'3 g'$, while the coupling strength to quarks does not change.

Phenomenology of the minimal B-L extension of the Standard model: Z' and neutrinos · Minimal Scalar Sector · 0.94

Cites as background 15 papers

As far as continuous abelian symmetries of lepton numbers go, three interesting linear combinations have been identified for the zeroth-order approximation: $$, $≡L_e - L_μ- L_τ$ and $$, leading to normal hierarchy (NH), inverted hierarchy (IH) and quasi-degeneracy in the neutrino mass spectrum [ref] .

A Flavor Symmetry for quasi-degenerate Neutrinos: L_mu-L_tau · Introduction · 0.91
The other two symmetries have been considered as global symmetries [ref] (or as an anomalous $U(1)$ [ref] ), but no effort has been put forward to construct a local version.

Vacuum Solutions of Neutrino Anomalies Through a Softly Broken U(1) symmetry · Introduction · 0.88
The other two symmetries have been considered as global symmetries [ref] (or as an anomalous $U(1)$ [ref] ), but no effort has been put forward to construct a local version.

Oscillations of solar and atmospheric neutrinos · Introduction · 0.88

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