Observational Evidence of the Accelerated Expansion of the Universe

Pierre Astier; Reynald Pain

RECORD

Observational Evidence of the Accelerated Expansion of the Universe

Pierre Astier, Reynald Pain

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Submitted 24 Apr 2012

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim The observation, thirteen years ago, that type Ia supernovae appear dimmer that they would have been in a decelerating universe followed by a series of independent observations involving galaxies and cluster of galaxies as well as the cosmic microwave background, all point in the same direction: we seem to be living in a flat universe whose expansion is currently undergoing an acceleration phase.

how it is stated · hedged possibility 0.72 read the record →

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The compiled record

The paper's own sentences, arranged. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

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Compiled by classifier-1.13-20260917 via OpenRouter, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 3,003 input tokens, $0.0001 reported.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.03 · states limitation 0.08 · human participants 0.02 · controlled comparison 0.16 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.06 · compares with prior results 0.17 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v1. Results and the main claim are underlined; show every role.

The discovery of cosmic acceleration is one of the most important developments in modern cosmology. The observation, thirteen years ago, that type Ia supernovae appear dimmer that they would have been in a decelerating universe followed by a series of independent observations involving galaxies and cluster of galaxies as well as the cosmic microwave background, all point in the same direction: we seem to be living in a flat universe whose expansion is currently undergoing an acceleration phase. In this paper, we review the various observational evidences, most of them gathered in the last decade, and the improvements expected from projects currently collecting data or in preparation.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#	sentence	role	the authors' own work	states the main conclusion	strength
s0	The discovery of cosmic acceleration is one of the most important developments in modern cosmology.	background 1.00	0.04	0.06	asserted 1.00
s1	The observation, thirteen years ago, that type Ia supernovae appear dimmer that they would have been in a decelerating universe followed by a series of independent observations involving galaxies and cluster of galaxies as well as the cosmic microwave background, all point in the same direction: we seem to be living in a flat universe whose expansion is currently undergoing an acceleration phase.	background 0.91	0.07	0.58	hedged possibility 0.72
s2	In this paper, we review the various observational evidences, most of them gathered in the last decade, and the improvements expected from projects currently collecting data or in preparation.	contribution 0.98	0.20	0.07	asserted 0.51

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: review 1.00 · evidence from literature 0.58.

What was examined, and what was not

sources read

arXiv listing abstract v1

not examined

full text
figures and tables
references and citing sentences
relations to other papers

levels run

P abstract

not run

S sections
T body sentences
C citations
R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper

Original abstract

The discovery of cosmic acceleration is one of the most important developments in modern cosmology. The observation, thirteen years ago, that type Ia supernovae appear dimmer that they would have been in a decelerating universe followed by a series of independent observations involving galaxies and cluster of galaxies as well as the cosmic microwave background, all point in the same direction: we seem to be living in a flat universe whose expansion is currently undergoing an acceleration phase. In this paper, we review the various observational evidences, most of them gathered in the last decade, and the improvements expected from projects currently collecting data or in preparation.

Human review

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References

Forward citations

Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

Probing Gravity -- Fundamental Aspects of Metric Theories and their Implications for Tests of General Relativity
gr-qc 2024-12 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

Gravitational wave memory is shown to arise naturally from the Isaacson backreaction formalism in general metric theories of gravity, unifying null and ordinary memory and providing a memory formula valid beyond GR.
Constraints on the sum of the neutrino masses in dynamical dark energy models with $w(z) \geq -1$ are tighter than those obtained in $\Lambda$CDM
astro-ph.CO 2018-01 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

Forbidding phantom dark energy tightens the cosmological upper bound on the sum of neutrino masses to 0.13 eV, versus 0.16 eV in LambdaCDM and 0.41 eV when the dark energy equation of state is left free.
Everything You Always Wanted To Know About The Cosmological Constant Problem (But Were Afraid To Ask)
astro-ph.CO 2012-05 accept novelty 3.0 of 10

Using Lorentz-invariant dimensional regularization, the Standard Model vacuum energy is about 10^8 GeV^4, roughly 54 orders above the critical density, not the 122 orders usually quoted from a sharp cutoff.
Galileons in the Sky
astro-ph.CO 2012-04 accept novelty 1.5 of 10

Galileon scalar fields appear in the decoupling limits of several massive-gravity and braneworld models, and their radiative stability makes them viable for inflation and late-time acceleration.

How the literature uses it

14 arXiv papers cite this in 17 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers citing it · 11 sentences without a confident label

Cites it as background 6 papers

The nature of the dark energy (DE) driving the accelerated expansion of the Universe remains one of the greatest open problems in cosmology [ref] .

Constraints on the sum of the neutrino masses in dynamical dark energy models with $w(z) \geq -1$ are tighter than those obtained in $\Lambda$CDM · Introduction · 0.97
Dark energy is believed to provide a strong negative pressure leading to an anti gravity effect that drives the acceleration (for recent reviews see [ref] and references therein).

Two fluid anisotropic dark energy models in a scale invariant theory · Introduction · 0.97
While the existence of two distinct forms of gravitating energy in the Universe which do not interact with the elecromagnetic field – named Dark Matter and Dark Energy – is now supported by a large number of independent and complementary observations [ref] , their fundamental nature is still completely unknown and represents the main focus of most of the present research efforts in the fields of theoretical and observational cosmology and astroparticle physics.

Structure formation in Multiple Dark Matter cosmologies with long-range scalar interactions · Introduction · 0.91

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