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Bright broad-band afterglows of gravitational wave bursts from mergers of binary neutron stars

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Paper breakdownThe authors' claims, conditions and measurements, as JSON Signed receiptProof this review has not been altered
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He Gao, Xuan Ding, Xue-Feng Wu, Bing Zhang, Zi-Gao Dai

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Submitted 3 Jan 2013

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim Therefore, such bright broad-band afterglows, if detected and combined with GWBs in the future, would be a probe of massive millisecond magnetars and stiff equation-of-state for nuclear matter.

how it is stated · hedged possibility 0.86 read the record →

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arXiv ID1301.0439 (version 2)
Pith IDPHMB6QW5, Pith's permanent record of this paper and its review
CitationBing Zhang, He Gao, Xuan Ding, Xue-Feng Wu, Zi-Gao Dai. "Bright broad-band afterglows of gravitational wave bursts from mergers of binary neutron stars." arXiv:1301.0439 (2013). https://pith.science/paper/PHMB6QW5
Claim paper

The compiled record

The paper's own sentences, arranged. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

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Compiled by classifier-1.13-20260917 via OpenRouter, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 5,898 input tokens, $0.0002 reported.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.04 · states limitation 0.23 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.64 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.83 · compares with prior results 0.72 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v2. Results and the main claim are underlined; .

If double neutron star mergers leave behind a massive magnetar rather than a black hole, a bright early afterglow can follow the gravitational wave burst (GWB) even if there is no short gamma-ray burst (SGRB) - GWB association or there is an association but the SGRB does not beam towards earth. Besides directly dissipating the proto-magnetar wind as suggested by Zhang, we here suggest that the magnetar wind could push the ejecta launched during the merger process, and under certain conditions, would reach a relativistic speed. Such a magnetar-powered ejecta, when interacting with the ambient medium, would develop a bright broad-band afterglow due to synchrotron radiation. We study this physical scenario in detail, and present the predicted X-ray, optical and radio light curves for a range of magnetar and ejecta parameters. We show that the X-ray and optical lightcurves usually peak around the magnetar spindown time scale (10^3-10^5s), reaching brightness readily detectable by wide-field X-ray and optical telescopes, and remain detectable for an extended period. The radio afterglow peaks later, but is much brighter than the case without a magnetar energy injection. Therefore, such bright broad-band afterglows, if detected and combined with GWBs in the future, would be a probe of massive millisecond magnetars and stiff equation-of-state for nuclear matter.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#sentencerolethe authors' own workstates the main conclusionstrength
s0 If double neutron star mergers leave behind a massive magnetar rather than a black hole, a bright early afterglow can follow the gravitational wave burst (GWB) even if there is no short gamma-ray burst (SGRB) - GWB association or there is an association but the SGRB does not beam towards earth. background 0.87 0.09 0.17 hedged possibility 0.96
s1 Besides directly dissipating the proto-magnetar wind as suggested by Zhang, we here suggest that the magnetar wind could push the ejecta launched during the merger process, and under certain conditions, would reach a relativistic speed. contribution 0.96 0.54 0.07 hedged possibility 0.96
s2 Such a magnetar-powered ejecta, when interacting with the ambient medium, would develop a bright broad-band afterglow due to synchrotron radiation. result 0.39 0.20 0.15 hedged possibility 0.53
s3 We study this physical scenario in detail, and present the predicted X-ray, optical and radio light curves for a range of magnetar and ejecta parameters. contribution 0.95 0.94 0.06 asserted 0.90
s4 We show that the X-ray and optical lightcurves usually peak around the magnetar spindown time scale (10^3-10^5s), reaching brightness readily detectable by wide-field X-ray and optical telescopes, and remain detectable for an extended period. result 1.00 0.92 0.24 asserted 0.98
s5 The radio afterglow peaks later, but is much brighter than the case without a magnetar energy injection. result 1.00 0.87 0.11 asserted 1.00
s6 Therefore, such bright broad-band afterglows, if detected and combined with GWBs in the future, would be a probe of massive millisecond magnetars and stiff equation-of-state for nuclear matter. interpretation 0.97 0.24 0.82 hedged possibility 0.86

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: theoretical result 0.84 · evidence from simulation or computation 0.84.

What was examined, and what was not

sources read
  • arXiv listing abstract v2
not examined
  • full text
  • figures and tables
  • references and citing sentences
  • relations to other papers
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  • P abstract
not run
  • S sections
  • T body sentences
  • C citations
  • R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper
Original abstract

If double neutron star mergers leave behind a massive magnetar rather than a black hole, a bright early afterglow can follow the gravitational wave burst (GWB) even if there is no short gamma-ray burst (SGRB) - GWB association or there is an association but the SGRB does not beam towards earth. Besides directly dissipating the proto-magnetar wind as suggested by Zhang, we here suggest that the magnetar wind could push the ejecta launched during the merger process, and under certain conditions, would reach a relativistic speed. Such a magnetar-powered ejecta, when interacting with the ambient medium, would develop a bright broad-band afterglow due to synchrotron radiation. We study this physical scenario in detail, and present the predicted X-ray, optical and radio light curves for a range of magnetar and ejecta parameters. We show that the X-ray and optical lightcurves usually peak around the magnetar spindown time scale (10^3-10^5s), reaching brightness readily detectable by wide-field X-ray and optical telescopes, and remain detectable for an extended period. The radio afterglow peaks later, but is much brighter than the case without a magnetar energy injection. Therefore, such bright broad-band afterglows, if detected and combined with GWBs in the future, would be a probe of massive millisecond magnetars and stiff equation-of-state for nuclear matter.

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References
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5 arXiv papers cite this in 8 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers citing it · 7 sentences without a confident label

Uses its data or values 1 paper

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