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Search for microscopic black holes in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV
High Energy Physics - Experiment · Submitted 21 Mar 2013
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim Given the agreement of the observations with the expected standard model background, which is dominated by QCD multijet production, 95% confidence limits are set on the production of semiclassical or quantum black holes, or of string balls, corresponding to the exclusions of masses below 4.3 to 6.2 TeV, depending on model assumptions.
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The abstract, sentence by sentence
A search for microscopic black holes and string balls is presented, based on a data sample of pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV recorded by the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 12 inverse femtobarns. No excess of events with energetic multiparticle final states, typical of black hole production or of similar new physics processes, is observed. Given the agreement of the observations with the expected standard model background, which is dominated by QCD multijet production, 95% confidence limits are set on the production of semiclassical or quantum black holes, or of string balls, corresponding to the exclusions of masses below 4.3 to 6.2 TeV, depending on model assumptions. In addition, model-independent limits are set on new physics processes resulting in energetic multiparticle final states.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | A search for microscopic black holes and string balls is presented, based on a data sample of pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV recorded by the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 12 inverse femtobarns. | contribution 0.52 | 0.93 | 0.03 | asserted 0.97 |
| s1 | No excess of events with energetic multiparticle final states, typical of black hole production or of similar new physics processes, is observed. | result 1.00 | 0.94 | 0.52 | asserted 1.00 |
| s2 | Given the agreement of the observations with the expected standard model background, which is dominated by QCD multijet production, 95% confidence limits are set on the production of semiclassical or quantum black holes, or of string balls, corresponding to the exclusions of masses below 4.3 to 6.2 TeV, depending on model assumptions. | result 0.99 | 0.96 | 0.82 | asserted 1.00 |
| s3 | In addition, model-independent limits are set on new physics processes resulting in energetic multiparticle final states. | result 0.86 | 0.95 | 0.07 | asserted 1.00 |
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The paper
Original abstract
A search for microscopic black holes and string balls is presented, based on a data sample of pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV recorded by the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 12 inverse femtobarns. No excess of events with energetic multiparticle final states, typical of black hole production or of similar new physics processes, is observed. Given the agreement of the observations with the expected standard model background, which is dominated by QCD multijet production, 95% confidence limits are set on the production of semiclassical or quantum black holes, or of string balls, corresponding to the exclusions of masses below 4.3 to 6.2 TeV, depending on model assumptions. In addition, model-independent limits are set on new physics processes resulting in energetic multiparticle final states.
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References
How the literature uses it
32 arXiv papers cite this in 76 sentences
Papers citing it · 47 sentences without a confident label
Builds on it 1 paper
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These limits extend those obtained in Ref. [ref] , where the same benchmark models were considered in the context of a multijet search.
Search for resonances and quantum black holes using dijet mass spectra in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV · Implications for quantum black holes · 0.97
Uses its method or tool 6 papers
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This technique, subsequently used in other CMS publications [ref] , forms the basis of the present analysis.
Search for new physics in events with high jet multiplicity and low missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV · Analysis strategy · 0.91
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In this Letter we follow closely the methodology of Refs. [ref] geared toward a multiparticle final state, dominated by QCD multijets in the case of semiclassical BHs, and toward a dijet final state for the QBHs.
Search for black holes and other new phenomena in high-multiplicity final states in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV · Analysis strategy · 0.99
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To overcome this problem, a dedicated method of predicting the QCD multijet background directly from collision data has been developed for the original Run 1 analysis [ref] and used in the subsequent Run 1 [ref] and Run 2 [ref] searches.
Search for black holes and sphalerons in high-multiplicity final states in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV · Analysis strategy · 0.88
Uses its data or values 6 papers
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We only show the limits from the two most constraining searches, namely those without a requirement:[Formally, the -based searches [ref] have some sensitivity here, but since these models have no intrinsic , the -based searches are both extremely inefficient and highly dependent on our simulation of jet energy mismeasurement.] the ATLAS 6-7 jet search [ref] and the CMS BH search [ref] .
Toward Full LHC Coverage of Natural Supersymmetry · High jet multiplicity · 0.82
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Assuming (semi-)classical approximation are valid for $M_BH>M_D$, quantum black holes with masses below 4.3-6.2 TeV are excluded [ref] .
Particle Physics and Cosmology · Large Extra Dimensions · 0.81
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ATLAS rule out semi-classical black holes having masses lower than about 4 TeV/c$^2$ for six extra dimensions and $E_*$ about 2 TeV [ref] , while CMS have slightly higher lower bounds on the semi-classical black hole mass for the same values of $E_*$ [ref] .
Black holes, TeV-scale gravity and the LHC · Experimental searches · 0.95
Cites it as support 1 paper
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This is reasonable, as the high-multiplicity, high-transverse momentum signature of a BH event is very distinct from known SM processes, appearing in signal regions with almost no expected SM background (see e.g. [ref] and references above).
Discovery and spectroscopy of dark matter and dark sectors with microscopic black holes at next generation colliders · Introduction · 0.99
Cites it as background 7 papers
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If the higher-dimensional Planck energy is of order TeV, an exciting prediction in the RS1 model [ref] is the possible production of small black holes at TeV scale collider energies [ref] , and LHC experiments [ref] continue to test this hypothesis.
Stability and Binding Energy of Small Asymptotically Randall-Sundrum Black Holes · Introduction · 0.91
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This includes searches for semiclassical black holes [ref] pioneered by CMS [ref] and recently also conducted by ATLAS [ref] , as well as an ATLAS search [ref] for pair-produced gluinos, each decaying into either three or five jets, which appear in certain $R$-parity [ref] violating (RPV) supersymmetric (SUSY) models.
Search for new physics in events with high jet multiplicity and low missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV · Introduction · 0.92
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Among early experimental work, the only potentially sensitive searches are those by and for quantum black holes, such as Refs. [ref] .
Lepton PDFs and Multipurpose Single Lepton Searches at the LHC · The Single Lepton Channel · 0.92
What it cites · 10 sentences without a confident label
Builds on 7 papers
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We present an extension of previous searches for microscopic semiclassical black holes [ref] , quantum black holes [ref] , and string balls [ref] conducted by the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) Collaboration at the CERN LHC [ref] .
String Balls at the LHC and Beyond · Introduction · 0.94
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We present an extension of previous searches for microscopic semiclassical black holes [ref] , quantum black holes [ref] , and string balls [ref] conducted by the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) Collaboration at the CERN LHC [ref] .
Black Holes and Quantum Gravity at the LHC · Introduction · 0.94
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We present an extension of previous searches for microscopic semiclassical black holes [ref] , quantum black holes [ref] , and string balls [ref] conducted by the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) Collaboration at the CERN LHC [ref] .
Colorful quantum black holes at the LHC · Introduction · 0.94
Uses the method or tool of 17 papers
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Limits are then set using a modified frequentist method [ref] with a Poisson likelihood of the observed number of events, given the predicted background multiplied by the likelihoods of a set of measurements of the nuisance parameters that are related to various systematic uncertainties, modelled by log-normal distributions.
Confidence Level Computation for Combining Searches with Small Statistics · Results · 1.00
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The SM background is completely dominated by QCD multijet production and is estimated directly from data using a method based on $$ multiplicity invariance [ref] .
Search for Microscopic Black Hole Signatures at the Large Hadron Collider · Analysis method · 0.90
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The SM background is completely dominated by QCD multijet production and is estimated directly from data using a method based on $$ multiplicity invariance [ref] .
Search for microscopic black holes in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV · Analysis method · 0.90
Uses data or values from 2 papers
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The uncertainties in the signal include the 8% uncertainty due to the jet energy scale, which is known to $≈2%$ [ref] ; a 6% uncertainty in the signal due to the PDF choice, as determined using the prescribed PDF4LHC recipe [ref] ; and the 4.4% uncertainty in the integrated luminosity [ref] .
The PDF4LHC Working Group Interim Recommendations · Results · 0.91
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The uncertainties in the signal include the 8% uncertainty due to the jet energy scale, which is known to $≈2%$ [ref] ; a 6% uncertainty in the signal due to the PDF choice, as determined using the prescribed PDF4LHC recipe [ref] ; and the 4.4% uncertainty in the integrated luminosity [ref] .
Determination of Jet Energy Calibration and Transverse Momentum Resolution in CMS · Results · 0.91
Cites as background 9 papers
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Detailed descriptions of each model can be found in Refs. [ref] .
Search for microscopic black holes in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV · Event reconstruction and Monte Carlo samples · 0.81
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Detailed descriptions of each model can be found in Refs. [ref] .
Search for Microscopic Black Hole Signatures at the Large Hadron Collider · Event reconstruction and Monte Carlo samples · 0.81
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Production of black holes is also possible in the Randall-Sundrum (RS) model [ref] and in models with unparticles [ref] .
Unparticle-Enhanced Black Holes at the LHC · Introduction · 0.82
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