Search for microscopic black holes in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

CMS Collaboration

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Search for microscopic black holes in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

CMS Collaboration

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Submitted 28 Feb 2012

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim In addition, new model-specific indicative limits are set excluding semiclassical and quantum black holes with masses below 3.8 to 5.3 TeV and string balls with masses below 4.6 to 4.8 TeV.

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What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.04 · states limitation 0.34 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.41 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.99 · compares with prior results 0.90 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v2. Results and the main claim are underlined; show every role.

A search for microscopic black holes in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is presented. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 inverse femtobarns recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2011. Events with large total transverse energy have been analyzed for the presence of multiple energetic jets, leptons, and photons, which are typical signals of evaporating semiclassical and quantum black holes, and string balls. Agreement with the expected standard model backgrounds, which are dominated by QCD multijet production, has been observed for various combined multiplicities of jets and other reconstructed objects in the final state. Model-independent limits are set on new physics processes producing high-multiplicity, energetic final states. In addition, new model-specific indicative limits are set excluding semiclassical and quantum black holes with masses below 3.8 to 5.3 TeV and string balls with masses below 4.6 to 4.8 TeV. The analysis has a substantially increased sensitivity compared to previous searches.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#	sentence	role	the authors' own work	states the main conclusion	strength
s0	A search for microscopic black holes in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is presented.	contribution 1.00	0.93	0.04	asserted 0.93
s1	The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 inverse femtobarns recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2011.	method 1.00	0.79	0.02	asserted 1.00
s2	Events with large total transverse energy have been analyzed for the presence of multiple energetic jets, leptons, and photons, which are typical signals of evaporating semiclassical and quantum black holes, and string balls.	method 0.95	0.90	0.03	asserted 0.89
s3	Agreement with the expected standard model backgrounds, which are dominated by QCD multijet production, has been observed for various combined multiplicities of jets and other reconstructed objects in the final state.	result 0.99	0.90	0.32	asserted 0.98
s4	Model-independent limits are set on new physics processes producing high-multiplicity, energetic final states.	result 0.90	0.95	0.15	asserted 1.00
s5	In addition, new model-specific indicative limits are set excluding semiclassical and quantum black holes with masses below 3.8 to 5.3 TeV and string balls with masses below 4.6 to 4.8 TeV.	result 1.00	0.96	0.64	asserted 1.00
s6	The analysis has a substantially increased sensitivity compared to previous searches.	interpretation 0.57	0.85	0.09	asserted 1.00

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: empirical study 1.00 · evidence from analysis of existing data 0.60.

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Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper

Original abstract

A search for microscopic black holes in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is presented. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 inverse femtobarns recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2011. Events with large total transverse energy have been analyzed for the presence of multiple energetic jets, leptons, and photons, which are typical signals of evaporating semiclassical and quantum black holes, and string balls. Agreement with the expected standard model backgrounds, which are dominated by QCD multijet production, has been observed for various combined multiplicities of jets and other reconstructed objects in the final state. Model-independent limits are set on new physics processes producing high-multiplicity, energetic final states. In addition, new model-specific indicative limits are set excluding semiclassical and quantum black holes with masses below 3.8 to 5.3 TeV and string balls with masses below 4.6 to 4.8 TeV. The analysis has a substantially increased sensitivity compared to previous searches.

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References

Forward citations

Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

Scale-invariant resonance tagging in multijet events and new physics in Higgs pair production
hep-ph 2013-03 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

A single resonance-tagging analysis chain, built from mass-drop tags and dijet pairings, yields approximately scale-invariant signal efficiency and background rejection across the boosted-to-resolved transition, makin...
LHC Coverage of RPV MSSM with Light Stops
hep-ph 2012-09 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

Recasting existing 7 TeV LHC searches onto RPV stop scenarios, the authors find stops in the natural mass range are excluded for LLE and light-lepton LQD couplings but largely unconstrained for UDD couplings and tau L...
Extracting the Energy-Dependent Neutrino-Nucleon Cross Section Above 10 TeV Using IceCube Showers
astro-ph.HE 2017-11 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

IceCube shower data yield a neutrino-nucleon cross section consistent with standard predictions in three energy bins from 18 to 400 TeV, with only a lower limit in a fourth bin up to 2 PeV.
Search for resonances and quantum black holes using dijet mass spectra in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV
hep-ex 2015-01 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

No significant bump appears in the 19.7 fb^-1 CMS dijet mass spectrum, so 95% CL mass exclusions are set up to 5.0 TeV for narrow resonances, 3.6 TeV for wide ones, and 6.3 TeV for quantum black holes.
Search for narrow resonances and quantum black holes in inclusive and b-tagged dijet mass spectra from pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV
hep-ex 2012-10 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

No narrow dijet resonances or quantum black holes appear in 5 fb^-1 of 7 TeV CMS data; 95% CL upper limits exclude string resonances below 4.31 TeV, excited quarks below 3.32 TeV, and several other models, with a new ...

Show 1 more citing papers

The CMS trigger system
physics.ins-det 2016-09 accept novelty 3.0 of 10

The CMS two-level trigger reduced the LHC collision rate from 40 MHz to about 400 Hz stored events during Run 1, with measured per-object efficiencies and rates documented across the full luminosity range.

How the literature uses it

31 arXiv papers cite this in 64 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers citing it · 30 sentences without a confident label

Builds on it 2 papers

These limits extend those obtained in Ref. [ref] , where the same benchmark models were considered in the context of a multijet search.

Search for resonances and quantum black holes using dijet mass spectra in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV · Implications for quantum black holes · 0.97
We present an extension of previous searches for microscopic semiclassical black holes [ref] , quantum black holes [ref] , and string balls [ref] conducted by the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) Collaboration at the CERN LHC [ref] .

Search for microscopic black holes in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV · Introduction · 0.94

Uses its method or tool 8 papers

This technique, subsequently used in other CMS publications [ref] , forms the basis of the present analysis.

Search for new physics in events with high jet multiplicity and low missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV · Analysis strategy · 0.91
The SM background is completely dominated by QCD multijet production and is estimated directly from data using a method based on $$ multiplicity invariance [ref] .

Search for microscopic black holes in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV · Analysis method · 0.90
In this Letter we follow closely the methodology of Refs. [ref] geared toward a multiparticle final state, dominated by QCD multijets in the case of semiclassical BHs, and toward a dijet final state for the QBHs.

Search for black holes and other new phenomena in high-multiplicity final states in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV · Analysis strategy · 0.99

Uses its data or values 1 paper

The latest limits from searches for virtual graviton exchange and graviton emission at the LHC [ref] , and searches for microscopic black holes at the LHC [ref] , suggest that the experimental lower bound on $M_11$, for 7 flat extra dimensions, is now roughly $M_11 ≥2.3 ±0.7$ TeV, corresponding to $κ^- 2 / 9_11 ≥0.55 ±0.2$ TeV.

Improvement of a provisional solution of the quantum-corrected field equations of d = 11 supergravity on flat R^4 times a compact hyperbolic 7-manifold, and modes that decay along the beam line outside the interaction region at the LHC · Application of the Principle of Minimal Sensitivity · 0.91

Compares with it 2 papers

This is in contrast to models with black hole geometric cross sections [ref] that have been used to parameterize the results of LHC searches for high multiplicity final states [ref] .

Jet Extinction from Non-Perturbative Quantum Gravity Effects · Introduction · 0.86
These limits are slightly better than those obtained in Ref. [ref] , where the same models were used.

Search for narrow resonances and quantum black holes in inclusive and b-tagged dijet mass spectra from pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV · Results · 1.00

Cites it as support 2 papers

We investigated whether the GUP can explain the formation of black holes at energies higher than the energy scales of LHC to explain the recent experimental results that were obtained at LHC [ref] .

No Existence of Black Holes at LHC Due to Minimal Length in Quantum Gravity · Conclusions · 0.96
This might change the conventional signatures for black hole detection in particle accelerators [ref] and explain the reason why latest data tend to exclude their observation [ref] .

Self-completeness and spontaneous dimensional reduction · Dilaton gravity · 0.96

Cites it as background 8 papers

Detailed descriptions of each model can be found in Refs. [ref] .

Search for microscopic black holes in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV · Event reconstruction and Monte Carlo samples · 0.81
At the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) the CMS and ATLAS collaborations have conducted searches for excess high multiplicity final states [ref] .

Jet Extinction from Non-Perturbative Quantum Gravity Effects · Introduction · 0.80
This includes searches for semiclassical black holes [ref] pioneered by CMS [ref] and recently also conducted by ATLAS [ref] , as well as an ATLAS search [ref] for pair-produced gluinos, each decaying into either three or five jets, which appear in certain $R$-parity [ref] violating (RPV) supersymmetric (SUSY) models.

Search for new physics in events with high jet multiplicity and low missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV · Introduction · 0.92

What it cites · 20 sentences without a confident label

Builds on 1 paper

For a specific subset of the black hole models [ref] that are being probed, we also set dedicated limits on semiclassical and quantum black hole and string-ball production performing counting experiments using optimized and $N$ selections.

Search for Microscopic Black Hole Signatures at the Large Hadron Collider · Results · 0.88

Uses the method or tool of 12 papers

Simulated samples of semiclassical black hole events are produced using a parton-level [ref] (v2.01) and [ref] (2, v1.0.3) MC generators, followed by the parton showering simulation with [ref] (v6.420), and a fast parametric simulation of the CMS detector [ref] .

Phenomenology of Production and Decay of Spinning Extra-Dimensional Black Holes at Hadron Colliders · Event reconstruction and Monte Carlo samples · 1.00
Simulated samples of semiclassical black hole events are produced using a parton-level [ref] (v2.01) and [ref] (2, v1.0.3) MC generators, followed by the parton showering simulation with [ref] (v6.420), and a fast parametric simulation of the CMS detector [ref] .

CHARYBDIS: A Black Hole Event Generator · Event reconstruction and Monte Carlo samples · 1.00
Simulated samples of semiclassical black hole events are produced using a parton-level [ref] (v2.01) and [ref] (2, v1.0.3) MC generators, followed by the parton showering simulation with [ref] (v6.420), and a fast parametric simulation of the CMS detector [ref] .

PYTHIA 6.4 Physics and Manual · Event reconstruction and Monte Carlo samples · 1.00

Compares with 1 paper

The present model-independent limits are roughly $0.6$fb for high values of , representing a two orders of magnitude improvement over the limits reported in our first publication [ref] .

Search for Microscopic Black Hole Signatures at the Large Hadron Collider · Results · 0.95

Cites as support 1 paper

A recent work on quantum-gravity black holes [ref] also suggests a larger number of softer particles produced in black hole evaporation than in the semiclassical case, further emphasizing the importance of as a largely model-independent variable for black hole searches.

Hawking emission from quantum gravity black holes · Analysis method · 0.98

Cites as background 5 papers

One of the most spectacular predictions of theories with low-scale quantum gravity is the possibility of microscopic black hole (BH) production in proton-proton collisions at the high energies offered by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) [ref] .

Black Holes at the LHC · Introduction · 0.88
One of the most spectacular predictions of theories with low-scale quantum gravity is the possibility of microscopic black hole (BH) production in proton-proton collisions at the high energies offered by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) [ref] .

High Energy Colliders as Black Hole Factories: The End of Short Distance Physics · Introduction · 0.88
These objects would evaporate similarly to black holes, except that the evaporation would occur at the Hagedorn temperature, which does not depend on the string-ball mass [ref] , unlike the Hawking temperature [ref] , which decreases as the black hole mass increases.

String Balls at the LHC and Beyond · Introduction · 0.83

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