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WIMPs and Un-Naturalness
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Submitted 19 Dec 2013
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim The WIMP argument basically sets an upper bound on unnaturalness, whereas direct detection experiments select scalar or real particles as the most compelling dark matter candidates.
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The abstract, sentence by sentence
The WIMP "miracle" suggests a new physics threshold ranging from the weak scale up to several tens of TeVs. Obtaining the correct dark matter density in many theories aiming to solve the hierarchy problem may thus require some amount of tuning of the weak scale, hinting at a possible connection between WIMP dark matter and unnaturalness. We point out that dark matter direct detection is a very efficient probe of these unnatural models, and that existing data already provide important clues to the nature of the associated WIMPs. We present a model-independent, relativistic analysis of the signatures of a gauge-singlet dark matter candidate of arbitrary spin, and discuss the current experimental bounds from LUX and XENON100. For complex WIMPs, dark matter direct detection is complementary to electroweak precision tests, and can even compete with flavor constraints if the dark matter has spin. Particularly relevant for future searches are couplings to the Higgs mass operator, which are expected to be large if the electroweak scale is finely tuned. Care is devoted to the RG evolution of the effective Lagrangian. We find that the CP-even scalar coupling to charm quarks is enhanced by about 20% compared to the one-loop estimate. When pushed in the unnatural regime, warped extra dimensions -- with or without custodial symmetry -- become attractive theories for flavor, the Higgs mass, and dark matter. The WIMP argument basically sets an upper bound on unnaturalness, whereas direct detection experiments select scalar or real particles as the most compelling dark matter candidates.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | The WIMP "miracle" suggests a new physics threshold ranging from the weak scale up to several tens of TeVs. | background 1.00 | 0.07 | 0.06 | hedged possibility 0.99 |
| s1 | Obtaining the correct dark matter density in many theories aiming to solve the hierarchy problem may thus require some amount of tuning of the weak scale, hinting at a possible connection between WIMP dark matter and unnaturalness. | background 0.92 | 0.10 | 0.16 | hedged possibility 1.00 |
| s2 | We point out that dark matter direct detection is a very efficient probe of these unnatural models, and that existing data already provide important clues to the nature of the associated WIMPs. | contribution 0.83 | 0.33 | 0.28 | asserted 0.99 |
| s3 | We present a model-independent, relativistic analysis of the signatures of a gauge-singlet dark matter candidate of arbitrary spin, and discuss the current experimental bounds from LUX and XENON100. | contribution 0.87 | 0.91 | 0.10 | asserted 0.98 |
| s4 | For complex WIMPs, dark matter direct detection is complementary to electroweak precision tests, and can even compete with flavor constraints if the dark matter has spin. | interpretation 0.55 | 0.34 | 0.10 | asserted 0.72 |
| s5 | Particularly relevant for future searches are couplings to the Higgs mass operator, which are expected to be large if the electroweak scale is finely tuned. | background 0.43 | 0.12 | 0.07 | hedged possibility 0.86 |
| s6 | Care is devoted to the RG evolution of the effective Lagrangian. | method 0.96 | 0.67 | 0.02 | unclear 0.64 |
| s7 | We find that the CP-even scalar coupling to charm quarks is enhanced by about 20% compared to the one-loop estimate. | result 1.00 | 0.93 | 0.08 | asserted 1.00 |
| s8 | When pushed in the unnatural regime, warped extra dimensions -- with or without custodial symmetry -- become attractive theories for flavor, the Higgs mass, and dark matter. | interpretation 0.82 | 0.20 | 0.13 | asserted 0.65 |
| s9 | The WIMP argument basically sets an upper bound on unnaturalness, whereas direct detection experiments select scalar or real particles as the most compelling dark matter candidates. | interpretation 0.91 | 0.37 | 0.50 | asserted 0.98 |
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The paper
Original abstract
The WIMP "miracle" suggests a new physics threshold ranging from the weak scale up to several tens of TeVs. Obtaining the correct dark matter density in many theories aiming to solve the hierarchy problem may thus require some amount of tuning of the weak scale, hinting at a possible connection between WIMP dark matter and unnaturalness. We point out that dark matter direct detection is a very efficient probe of these unnatural models, and that existing data already provide important clues to the nature of the associated WIMPs. We present a model-independent, relativistic analysis of the signatures of a gauge-singlet dark matter candidate of arbitrary spin, and discuss the current experimental bounds from LUX and XENON100. For complex WIMPs, dark matter direct detection is complementary to electroweak precision tests, and can even compete with flavor constraints if the dark matter has spin. Particularly relevant for future searches are couplings to the Higgs mass operator, which are expected to be large if the electroweak scale is finely tuned. Care is devoted to the RG evolution of the effective Lagrangian. We find that the CP-even scalar coupling to charm quarks is enhanced by about 20% compared to the one-loop estimate. When pushed in the unnatural regime, warped extra dimensions -- with or without custodial symmetry -- become attractive theories for flavor, the Higgs mass, and dark matter. The WIMP argument basically sets an upper bound on unnaturalness, whereas direct detection experiments select scalar or real particles as the most compelling dark matter candidates.
Human review
References
How the literature uses it
28 arXiv papers cite this in 44 sentences
Papers citing it · 32 sentences without a confident label
Contests it 1 paper
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Moreover, employing the result of Ref. [ref] in ([ref]) yields the NLO result for arbitrary $μ_Q$, $M_gg=1+(α_s^2)$, in disagreement with Ref. [ref] .
Standard Model anatomy of WIMP dark matter direct detection II: QCD analysis and hadronic matrix elements · Sum rule constraints on scale evolution and heavy quark threshold matching · contest 0.79
Uses its method or tool 3 papers
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C'^S_g=C^S_g-1/12π∑_Q=c,b,tC^SS_Q after integrating out their effect by means of the trace anomaly of the energy-momentum tensor $θ_μν$ [ref] , which also produces [equation] It should be noted that this procedure is accurate at $(α_s)$, which may not be sufficient for the $c$ quark, see Refs. [ref] for a study of higher orders in $α_s$.
Analysis strategies for general spin-independent WIMP-nucleus scattering · Scalar couplings · 0.81
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We take these corrections into account to $O(α_s^3)$ in perturbative QCD, following Ref. [ref] , finding [equation] Using ([ref]), the corrected contributions for all quarks can then be expressed in terms of the effective mass fractions $f^(N)_T_Q$, whose values we show in the last three columns of Table [ref].
Electroweak Loop Contributions to the Direct Detection of Wino Dark Matter · Tree-level Higgs exchange · 0.96
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In our discussion we will make use of the renormalisation of currents [ref] , which we found fits best the purpose of our study.
Interplay of the LHC and non-LHC Dark Matter searches in the Effective Field Theory approach · Direct detection and Running effect of the EFT operators · 0.96
Cites it as support 1 paper
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In fact, it has been shown that, for vector currents, the renormalization group evolution of the effective operators from the scale $Λ$ to the scale of low energy experiments is small [ref] .
Probing light dark scalars with future experiments · Introduction and framework · 0.98
Cites it as background 5 papers
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The first radiative effects to be considered were the QCD ones [ref] , while only later it has been realized that EW loops could be important as well [ref] .
Interplay of the LHC and non-LHC Dark Matter searches in the Effective Field Theory approach · Direct detection and Running effect of the EFT operators · 0.80
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The low-energy EFT of Majorana fermion DM has been studied on several occasions in the context of direct, indirect and collider experiments [ref] .
Singlet Majorana fermion dark matter: a comprehensive analysis in effective field theory · Introduction · 0.99
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These lead to very large direct detection (DD) signatures, and have already been studied by many authors [ref] [ref] [ref] [ref] [ref] [ref] .
Direct detection of dark matter polarizability · Motivations · 0.90
What it cites · 37 sentences without a confident label
Contests 1 paper
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[In this respect, we should mention that we do not agree with the claim in [ref] and [ref] that the formula for light $S=1/2$ DM ($m_X≪Λ$) generalizes to arbitrary spin modulo a simple rescaling of a factor of $4/3S(S+1)$.
Electromagnetic properties of dark matter: dipole moments and charge form factor · DM dipole moments · contest 0.92
Uses the method or tool of 4 papers
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We use the Mathematica code provided in [ref] for spin $S=1/2$ DM, as well as to produce the “thin curves" in our figures.
Tools for model-independent bounds in direct dark matter searches · Analysis of the LUX and XENON100 bounds · 1.00
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Performing a coherent sum of the $N$s in the nuclei (as explained for instance in [ref] and [ref] ), from ([ref]) we obtain .dσ_T/dE_R|_SI=μ_T^2/π(c_XGf_TG^(N)32π^2m_NA/9Λ^3)^2|F(E_R)|^2/E_R^max.
The Effective Field Theory of Dark Matter Direct Detection · Gluon and “quark mass" operators · 0.95
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Performing a coherent sum of the $N$s in the nuclei (as explained for instance in [ref] and [ref] ), from ([ref]) we obtain .dσ_T/dE_R|_SI=μ_T^2/π(c_XGf_TG^(N)32π^2m_NA/9Λ^3)^2|F(E_R)|^2/E_R^max.
WIMP-nucleus scattering in chiral effective theory · Gluon and “quark mass" operators · 0.95
Uses data or values from 8 papers
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We will mostly focus on the results of LUX [ref] and XENON100 (2012) [ref] , which provide the strongest constraints.
Dark Matter Results from 225 Live Days of XENON100 Data · Analysis of the LUX and XENON100 bounds · 0.81
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We will mostly focus on the results of LUX [ref] and XENON100 (2012) [ref] , which provide the strongest constraints.
First results from the LUX dark matter experiment at the Sanford Underground Research Facility · Analysis of the LUX and XENON100 bounds · 0.81
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The bound $σ_n≲5×10^-39$ cm$^2×m_X/TeV$ [ref] implies |c_XZ5|v_w^2/f^2≲0.2 √(S(S+1))(m_X/TeV)^1/2.
Limits on spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon cross sections from 225 live days of XENON100 data · Spin-dependent Vs velocity-suppressed interactions · 1.00
Compares with 6 papers
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This overestimates the induced $C_G$, and hence $f_Tq^(N)$.] The lattice simulations of [ref] [ref] are compatible with our $f_Tc^(N)$.
The intrinsic strangeness and charm of the nucleon using improved staggered fermions · $⟨N|GG|N⟩$ and $⟨N|m_qqq|N⟩$ at NLO · 0.95
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This overestimates the induced $C_G$, and hence $f_Tq^(N)$.] The lattice simulations of [ref] [ref] are compatible with our $f_Tc^(N)$.
Strangeness and charmness content of nucleon from overlap fermions on 2+1-flavor domain-wall fermion configurations · $⟨N|GG|N⟩$ and $⟨N|m_qqq|N⟩$ at NLO · 0.95
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The expression ([ref]) coincides with that of [ref] [ref] [ref] .
Electromagnetic properties of dark matter: dipole moments and charge form factor · DM dipole moments · 0.93
Discussion
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