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The birth of black holes: neutron star collapse times, gamma-ray bursts and fast radio bursts
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Submitted 25 Mar 2014
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim We predict the collapse times of supramassive NSs created in binary NS mergers, finding that such stars collapse $\sim10\,{\rm s}$ -- $4.4\times10^{4}\,{\rm s}$ (95% confidence) after the merger.
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The abstract, sentence by sentence
Recent observations of short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs) suggest that binary neutron star (NS) mergers can create highly magnetised, millisecond NSs. Sharp cut-offs in X-ray afterglow plateaus of some SGRBs hint at the gravitational collapse of these remnant NSs to black holes. The collapse of such `supramassive' NSs also describes the blitzar model, a leading candidate for the progenitors of fast radio bursts (FRBs). The observation of an FRB associated with an SGRB would provide compelling evidence for the blitzar model and the binary NS merger scenario of SGRBs, and lead to interesting constraints on the NS equation of state. We predict the collapse times of supramassive NSs created in binary NS mergers, finding that such stars collapse $\sim10\,{\rm s}$ -- $4.4\times10^{4}\,{\rm s}$ (95% confidence) after the merger. This directly impacts observations targeting NS remnants of binary NS mergers, providing the optimal window for high time resolution radio and X-ray follow-up of SGRBs and gravitational wave bursts.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | Recent observations of short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs) suggest that binary neutron star (NS) mergers can create highly magnetised, millisecond NSs. | background 1.00 | 0.05 | 0.04 | hedged possibility 1.00 |
| s1 | Sharp cut-offs in X-ray afterglow plateaus of some SGRBs hint at the gravitational collapse of these remnant NSs to black holes. | background 0.88 | 0.06 | 0.06 | hedged possibility 0.87 |
| s2 | The collapse of such `supramassive' NSs also describes the blitzar model, a leading candidate for the progenitors of fast radio bursts (FRBs). | background 0.99 | 0.07 | 0.07 | asserted 0.77 |
| s3 | The observation of an FRB associated with an SGRB would provide compelling evidence for the blitzar model and the binary NS merger scenario of SGRBs, and lead to interesting constraints on the NS equation of state. | interpretation 0.44 | 0.07 | 0.11 | hedged possibility 0.56 |
| s4 | We predict the collapse times of supramassive NSs created in binary NS mergers, finding that such stars collapse $\sim10\,{\rm s}$ -- $4.4\times10^{4}\,{\rm s}$ (95% confidence) after the merger. | result 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.74 | asserted 1.00 |
| s5 | This directly impacts observations targeting NS remnants of binary NS mergers, providing the optimal window for high time resolution radio and X-ray follow-up of SGRBs and gravitational wave bursts. | interpretation 0.92 | 0.47 | 0.19 | asserted 0.99 |
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The paper
Original abstract
Recent observations of short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs) suggest that binary neutron star (NS) mergers can create highly magnetised, millisecond NSs. Sharp cut-offs in X-ray afterglow plateaus of some SGRBs hint at the gravitational collapse of these remnant NSs to black holes. The collapse of such `supramassive' NSs also describes the blitzar model, a leading candidate for the progenitors of fast radio bursts (FRBs). The observation of an FRB associated with an SGRB would provide compelling evidence for the blitzar model and the binary NS merger scenario of SGRBs, and lead to interesting constraints on the NS equation of state. We predict the collapse times of supramassive NSs created in binary NS mergers, finding that such stars collapse $\sim10\,{\rm s}$ -- $4.4\times10^{4}\,{\rm s}$ (95% confidence) after the merger. This directly impacts observations targeting NS remnants of binary NS mergers, providing the optimal window for high time resolution radio and X-ray follow-up of SGRBs and gravitational wave bursts.
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References
How the literature uses it
14 arXiv papers cite this in 15 sentences
Papers citing it · 9 sentences without a confident label
Cites it as background 6 papers
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Currently quite a few models have been proposed to interpret FRBs, including the mergers of binary neutron stars [ref] , energetic magnetar radio flares [ref] , delayed collapses of supramassive neutron stars (SMNS) to black holes (i.e., the so-called blitzar model [ref] , a highly relevant hypothesis is the possible connection between Gamma-ray Bursts and FRBs [ref] ), mergers of binary white dwarfs [ref] , and flaring stars if FRBs are instead in the Galaxy [ref] .
Model-dependent estimate on the connection between fast radio bursts and ultra-high energy cosmic rays · Introduction · 0.98
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Depending on the size relationship between the merger remnant (gravitational) mass and the maximum mass of a single NS, a BNS merger can give a variety of post-merger products [ref] : (1) a black hole (BH) by immediate collapse after the merger; (2) a differential rotation supported hypermassive NS (HMNS), which would survive $10∼100$ ms before collapsing; (3) a rigid rotation supported supermassive NS (SMNS), which would collapse after the NS spins down; and (4) a stable NS (SNS).
The Gravitational-Wave Physics II: Progress · Constraints on the neutron star maximum mass from GW170817 · 0.85
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A long-lived neutron star can dissipate energy in different ways, either through magnetic flaring activities or via the blitzar mechanism upon collapse [ref] .
Quantifying the coincidence between gravitational waves and fast radio bursts from neutron star - black hole mergers · Introduction · 0.81
What it cites · 5 sentences without a confident label
Uses data or values from 1 paper
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From [ref] , $M_BNS∼N(μ_BNS=1.32 M_⊙,σ_BNS=0.11)$, where $N(μ_BNS,σ_BNS)$ specifies a normal distribution with mean $μ_BNS$ and standard deviation $σ_BNS$.
The Neutron Star Mass Distribution · Predicting supramassive neutron star collapse times · 1.00
Cites as background 3 papers
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Numerous physical mechanisms have been suggested to produce FRBs at cosmological distances, including magnetar hyperflares [ref] , binary white dwarf [ref] or neutron star [ref] mergers, and the collapse of supramassive NSs to form black holes [ref] .
Fast radio bursts: the last sign of supramassive neutron stars · Introduction · 0.95
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Numerous physical mechanisms have been suggested to produce FRBs at cosmological distances, including magnetar hyperflares [ref] , binary white dwarf [ref] or neutron star [ref] mergers, and the collapse of supramassive NSs to form black holes [ref] .
Millisecond extragalactic radio bursts as magnetar flares · Introduction · 0.95
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Numerous physical mechanisms have been suggested to produce FRBs at cosmological distances, including magnetar hyperflares [ref] , binary white dwarf [ref] or neutron star [ref] mergers, and the collapse of supramassive NSs to form black holes [ref] .
Cosmological Fast Radio Bursts from Binary Neutron Star Mergers · Introduction · 0.95
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