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Friends of Hot Jupiters II: No Correspondence Between Hot-Jupiter Spin-Orbit Misalignment and the Incidence of Directly Imaged Stellar Companions

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arxiv 1501.00013 v2 pith:6LSK3ITK submitted 2014-12-30 astro-ph.EP

Friends of Hot Jupiters II: No Correspondence Between Hot-Jupiter Spin-Orbit Misalignment and the Incidence of Directly Imaged Stellar Companions

Henry Ngo , Heather A. Knutson , Sasha Hinkley , Justin R. Crepp , Eric B. Bechter , Konstantin Batygin , Andrew W. Howard , John A. Johnson
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Timothy D. Morton Philip S. Muirhead
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classification astro-ph.EP
keywords stellarcompanionssystemscompanionjupitersmisalignedsurveyeccentric
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Multi-star systems are common, yet little is known about a stellar companion's influence on the formation and evolution of planetary systems. For instance, stellar companions may have facilitated the inward migration of hot Jupiters towards to their present day positions. Many observed short period gas giant planets also have orbits that are misaligned with respect to their star's spin axis, which has also been attributed to the presence of a massive outer companion on a non-coplanar orbit. We present the results of a multi-band direct imaging survey using Keck NIRC2 to measure the fraction of short period gas giant planets found in multi-star systems. Over three years, we completed a survey of 50 targets ("Friends of Hot Jupiters") with 27 targets showing some signature of multi-body interaction (misaligned or eccentric orbits) and 23 targets in a control sample (well-aligned and circular orbits). We report the masses, projected separations, and confirmed common proper motion for the 19 stellar companions found around 17 stars. Correcting for survey incompleteness, we report companion fractions of $48\%\pm9\%$, $47\%\pm12\%$, and $51\%\pm13\%$ in our total, misaligned/eccentric, and control samples, respectively. This total stellar companion fraction is $2.8\,\sigma$ larger than the fraction of field stars with companions approximately $50-2000\,$AU. We observe no correlation between misaligned/eccentric hot Jupiter systems and the incidence of stellar companions. Combining this result with our previous radial velocity survey, we determine that $72\% \pm 16\%$ of hot Jupiters are part of multi-planet and/or multi-star systems.

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Cited by 2 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. The GAPS Programme with HARPS-N at TNG LXXVII. Occurrence rates of small close-in planets in the presence of cold Jupiters

    astro-ph.EP 2026-07 accept novelty 6.0

    Close-in small planets occur at ~5–16% around cold-Jupiter hosts, with no strong overall correlation at average stellar mass/metallicity, but elevated rates in dynamically stable inner regions.

  2. The GAPS Programme with HARPS-N at TNG LXXVII. Occurrence rates of small close-in planets in the presence of cold Jupiters

    astro-ph.EP 2026-07 accept novelty 5.5

    Occurrence rates of hot/warm/cool Neptunes and Super-Earths around cold-Jupiter hosts are ~5–16%, higher when the outer giant leaves a stable inner zone, with no strong ISP–CJ correlation at average metallicity.