Non-Perturbative Lepton Sea Fermions in the Nucleon and the Proton Radius Puzzle

Gerald A. Miller

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Non-Perturbative Lepton Sea Fermions in the Nucleon and the Proton Radius Puzzle

Gerald A. Miller

Nuclear Theory · Submitted 5 Jan 2015

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim However, we argue that this relatively large result and general features of loop diagrams rule out the possibility of lepton-pair content as an explanation of the proton radius puzzle.

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Compiled by classifier-1.13-20260917 via OpenRouter, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 4,369 input tokens, $0.0002 reported.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.04 · states limitation 0.62 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.03 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.90 · compares with prior results 0.50 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

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arXiv listing abstract v2. Results and the main claim are underlined; show every role.

A potential explanation [U.~D.~Jentschura, Phys.\ Rev.\ A {\bf 88}, 062514 (2013)] of the proton radius puzzle originating from the non-perturbative lepton-pair content of the proton is studied. Well-defined quantities that depend on this lepton-pair content are evaluated. Each is found to be of the order of $10({\alpha\over \pi})^2$, so that we find such a lepton-pair content exists in the proton. However, we argue that this relatively large result and general features of loop diagrams rule out the possibility of lepton-pair content as an explanation of the proton radius puzzle. In addition, the contributions of a class of explanations of the proton radius puzzle (for which the dependence on the $\mu p$ relative distance is as a contact interaction) is determined.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#	sentence	role	the authors' own work	states the main conclusion	strength
s0	A potential explanation [U.~D.~Jentschura, Phys.\ Rev.\ A {\bf 88}, 062514 (2013)] of the proton radius puzzle originating from the non-perturbative lepton-pair content of the proton is studied.	background 0.51	0.13	0.05	hedged possibility 0.91
s1	Well-defined quantities that depend on this lepton-pair content are evaluated.	contribution 0.59	0.86	0.02	asserted 0.86
s2	Each is found to be of the order of $10({\alpha\over \pi})^2$, so that we find such a lepton-pair content exists in the proton.	result 1.00	0.90	0.07	asserted 1.00
s3	However, we argue that this relatively large result and general features of loop diagrams rule out the possibility of lepton-pair content as an explanation of the proton radius puzzle.	interpretation 0.95	0.72	0.90	asserted 0.96
s4	In addition, the contributions of a class of explanations of the proton radius puzzle (for which the dependence on the $\mu p$ relative distance is as a contact interaction) is determined.	contribution 0.87	0.88	0.04	asserted 0.99

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: theoretical result 0.71 · evidence from proof or derivation 0.70.

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arXiv listing abstract v2

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Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper

Original abstract

A potential explanation [U.~D.~Jentschura, Phys.\ Rev.\ A {\bf 88}, 062514 (2013)] of the proton radius puzzle originating from the non-perturbative lepton-pair content of the proton is studied. Well-defined quantities that depend on this lepton-pair content are evaluated. Each is found to be of the order of $10({\alpha\over \pi})^2$, so that we find such a lepton-pair content exists in the proton. However, we argue that this relatively large result and general features of loop diagrams rule out the possibility of lepton-pair content as an explanation of the proton radius puzzle. In addition, the contributions of a class of explanations of the proton radius puzzle (for which the dependence on the $\mu p$ relative distance is as a contact interaction) is determined.

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4 arXiv papers cite this in 4 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

What it cites

Cites as background 1 paper

It is also worth mentioning the MUon proton Scattering Experiment (MUSE) [ref] , a simultaneous measurement of $μ^ p$ and $e^+ p$ scattering and also a simultaneous measurement of $μ^ p$ and $e^- p$ scattering that is particularly sensitive to the presence of contact interactions [ref] .

Studying the Proton "Radius" Puzzle with \mu p Elastic Scattering · Nuclear Dependence · 0.89

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