Search for diphoton resonances in the mass range from 150 to 850 GeV in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

CMS Collaboration

REVIEW

Search for diphoton resonances in the mass range from 150 to 850 GeV in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

CMS Collaboration

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Submitted 7 Jun 2015 · 47 references

Pith's verdict: A competent, standard CMS diphoton bump hunt: real additions are the 850 GeV reach, the width scan to 10%, and the first LHC diphoton 2HDM contours; the soft spots are presentational, not load-bearing.

T0 · AI review

How this review was made: An AI referee (selfhosted/deepseek-v4.1-flash) read the paper on October 29, 2026 and answered a fixed list of questions about it. T0 is the starting level every paper gets. The levels describe how deeply Pith has checked the paper, never the authors.

T0 AI review An AI read the paper and answered a fixed list of questions.
T1 Audit Automatic checks that the references and files the paper relies on exist and match.
T2 Compute The paper's code or calculations re-run with the same results.
T3 Formal statement The claims written out in a formal math language a computer can read.
T4 Proof Those claims proved, and the proof checked by computer.

How Pith checks papers →

· 1 major objection · 10 minor · Ask about this paper · The compiled record · Read the full review →

Challenge this review Comment (0) Read on arXiv ↗

Cite ▾

arXiv ID1506.02301 (version 2)

Pith IDOX776GSG, Pith's permanent record of this paper and its review

CitationCMS Collaboration. "Search for diphoton resonances in the mass range from 150 to 850 GeV in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV." arXiv:1506.02301 (2015). https://pith.science/paper/OX776GSG

Cite this reviewBibTeX for Pith's review of this paper

Claim paper

Why Pith says this

Highlight any text to comment on it.

Editor's note

read the letter

This is a solid, conventional CMS search and it does what it says. The diphoton spectrum from 150 to 850 GeV in 19.7 fb^-1 at 8 TeV shows no resonance; 95% CL limits on sigma times branching fraction are set for spin-0 and spin-2 hypotheses, with widths from 0.1 GeV up to 10% of the mass. The machinery is inherited from the 125 GeV diphoton measurement (photon ID, R9/eta classification, double-Crystal-Ball response, most systematics), and the paper says so. What is genuinely new is the mass reach, the width scan, and the tan(beta) versus cos(beta-alpha) exclusion contours in the Type I 2HDM, which the paper notes are the first in this channel at the LHC. The background is fitted from data rather than simulation, which removes the largest class of systematic error in this kind of analysis, and the choice of f0 is defended with a pre-declared bias criterion. Table 2 itemizes the systematics per source and per region. That is good practice and I would not ask for more on the machinery side. The stress-test concern about the closure test is fair but does not land hard. Yes, the truth-model menu is five smooth analytic forms structurally close to f0, and yes, the 'five times smaller than the statistical uncertainty' criterion is relative, so the permitted absolute bias grows where the event count is smallest. But that is how bump-hunt background closure tests are done in this field, the sliding-window construction limits how much localized structure f0 can absorb, and the paper itself flags the low-statistics regime by cutting the search at 850 GeV. The honest gap is presentational: the bias-versus-mass curves and numerical bias values are not shown, only the pass/fail statement, so a reader cannot independently check the high-mass end. That is a minor ask, not a rejection. The other small soft spot is Section 7.1, where the statement that no region of phase space can be excluded for the heavy H scalar is asserted without much backing; it is plausible given the model but deserves a sentence of justification. Neither touches the limit claim. Who should read it: anyone doing diphoton or heavy-Higgs searches, and anyone wanting a reference 2HDM contour from this channel. It deserves a serious referee, and I expect it to pass with minor comments.

Referee report

Major objections (1)

[§6.2, Eq. (5)] The background model f0(m) = exp(−p1 m) m^(−p2) is load-bearing for the 95% CL limits, which are the paper's central claim. The bias study that defends this choice draws pseudo-data from four alternative analytic truth models, all smooth and monotone-decreasing, and requires the fitted-signal bias to be five times smaller than the statistical uncertainty. Two features of this defence deserve more explicit support. First, the truth-model menu is structurally close to f0 itself, so it cannot probe localized structure such as a trigger turn-on, a class-boundary kink near |η| = 1.44/1.57, or residual mismodeling at the fit-window edges. Second, the pass criterion is relative to a statistical uncertainty that grows at high mass, so the largest absolute bias is permitted precisely where the event count is smallest (mX ≈ 800–850 GeV). The paper does not show the bias-versus-mass curves or the numerical bias values, only the pass/fail statement. I recommend showing these curves and adding a sentence acknowledging the limits of the truth-model menu. This is a transparency request; the paper's defence is reasonable and the result is not in question.

Minor objections (10)

[Fig. 8 and §7] The figure uses mX = 840 GeV while the search range is 150–850 GeV. Clarify whether 840 or 850 GeV is intended and why.
[§7.1] The statement that 'no region of the phase space can be excluded for the decay of the heavy H scalar' is not explained. In the alignment limit the H→γγ amplitude can be suppressed relative to A→γγ by cancellations; a sentence explaining why H gives no exclusion would help the reader.
[§6.1.1 and Table 2] The Breit–Wigner model uncertainty is quoted as 0.01–10%. For a 10% width resonance this is a 10% normalization uncertainty, comparable to the other systematic uncertainties. Clarify how this is treated in the limit setting and whether it is correlated across mass points.
[§3] The interference effect is stated to be ≤3% and is neglected. This is reasonable, but a brief summary of the SHERPA template study (e.g., the mass and width range over which the 3% was verified) would strengthen the statement.
[Fig. 2] The data/MC ratio plot is shown bin by bin, but the normalization of the MC (NLO scale factors from 7 TeV measurements) is not stated in the caption. Clarify the normalization.
[§5] The pT thresholds pT1 > mγγ/3 and pT2 > mγγ/4 are motivated by avoiding distortion of the low end of the mγγ spectrum. Clarify whether these thresholds introduce any acceptance bias at high mass, where the thresholds become large.
[§6.1] The signal model validation in Fig. 4 is shown only for a narrow resonance (ΓX = 0.1 GeV). Since the analysis extends to ΓX = 0.1 mX, show the validation for a wide resonance as well.
[§7] The largest excess at mX ≈ 580 GeV is quoted as a local significance of less than 2.5σ. A brief note that this is not corrected for the look-elsewhere effect would be appropriate.
[§4.3 and Table 2] The vertex finding efficiency is quoted as 79–92% in the text, while Table 2 lists a 0.2% uncertainty. Clarify that the 0.2% is the uncertainty on the efficiency, not the efficiency itself.
[§6.2] The fit range [130, 1000] GeV is used for all mass hypotheses, but the paper says the lower and upper bounds are varied with mass to minimize bias. Clarify whether [130, 1000] GeV is the envelope or the actual range used for each mass point.

How Pith checks papers → · Full audit of this paper →

The paper

The paper claims

No heavy particle shows up in the LHC's diphoton spectrum between 150 and 850 GeV, and CMS converts that absence into 95% confidence limits on how strongly such a particle could couple to two photons.

The reading

The CMS collaboration asks whether the LHC's 8 TeV data hide a heavy particle that decays into two photons, in the mass window from 150 to 850 GeV that sits above the known 125 GeV Higgs boson. Using 19.7 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collisions, the analysis scans the diphoton invariant mass spectrum for a local bump on top of a smoothly falling background, and it does so for resonances as narrow as 0.1 GeV and as wide as 10% of their own mass, a width range that earlier diphoton searches at the LHC did not cover. Nothing stands out: the largest local excess, near 580 GeV, falls short of 2.5$sigma$. The payoff is a set of 95% confidence upper limits on the rate for producing such a particle and seeing it decay to two photons, which the authors then translate into statements about the two-Higgs-doublet model. A reader should care because these limits constrain a broad class of extended Higgs sectors and extra-dimension models without assuming any one of them in the search itself.

What carries the argument

The load-bearing device is a sliding-window unbinned maximum-likelihood fit applied simultaneously to four event classes, defined by the photons' pseudorapidity (barrel versus endcap) and by the minimum $R_9$ shower-shape variable, which sorts events by mass resolution and by expected signal-to-background ratio. The signal template is a Breit-Wigner line shape convolved with a detector response function built from the sum of two single-sided Crystal Ball functions, so that a single fit can be run at any assumed mass and any assumed natural width; this convolution is what lets the search reach widths up to 10% of the mass. The background is not taken from simulation at all: it is fitted directly from the data in each class with $f_0(m) = e^{-p_1 m} m^{-p_2}$, and the fit window is chosen separately for each mass hypothesis so that the fitted signal yield stays unbiased. Inference uses the modified frequentist $CL_s$ criterion with the asymptotic approximation for the test statistic.

Extended reading notes

Core claim

The paper establishes that the diphoton invariant mass spectrum in 19.7 fb$^{-1}$ of $sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV CMS data, examined between 150 and 850 GeV, is consistent with background alone. The search is run twice over: once for a spin-0 scalar and once for a spin-2 particle such as a graviton, and for each hypothesis over a continuum of natural widths from 0.1 GeV up to 10% of the resonance mass. No significant excess appears; the largest local fluctuation, near $m_X approx 580$ GeV, has a local significance below 2.5$sigma$. The authors convert this null result into 95% confidence level upper limits on the production cross section times branching fraction to two photons, with expected limits lying between $6 times 10^{-4}$ pb and $4 times 10^{-2}$ pb across the full mass range and observed limits consistent with that expectation. Those model-independent limits are then mapped onto the Type I two-Higgs-doublet model, where they exclude a region of the $tan beta$ versus $cos(beta - alpha)$ plane for a pseudoscalar $A$ of mass 200 or 300 GeV assumed degenerate with the heavy scalar $H$.

Load-bearing premise

The exclusion limits depend on the assumption that the true diphoton background in each event class is well described, inside every sliding fit window, by the two-parameter form $e^{-p_1 m} m^{-p_2}$; the authors test this only against four other smooth analytic functions and report that the resulting bias is at least five times smaller than the statistical uncertainty, without showing the bias curves themselves.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

Any model predicting a spin-0 or spin-2 resonance in the 150-850 GeV range with a diphoton rate above roughly $10^{-3}$ to $10^{-2}$ pb is excluded at 95% confidence, with the exact bound depending on mass and assumed width.
In the Type I two-Higgs-doublet model with $m_A = m_H = 200$ or 300 GeV, a region of the $tan beta$ versus $cos(beta - alpha)$ plane is excluded for pseudoscalar $A to gamma gamma$, complementing constraints from multilepton final states.
Because the analysis scans resonance widths rather than fixing a narrow-width assumption, the quoted limits apply to broad resonances that a narrow-window search would have diluted or missed.
The null result leaves the heavy CP-even scalar $H$ unconstrained in this channel; the paper states that no region of the phase space can be excluded for the decay of $H$.
The measured limits define the sensitivity baseline against which any future diphoton excess in this mass range must be judged.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

The width-scanning template machinery built here is the natural tool for evaluating any later broad diphoton bump reported in the same mass region, since it already returns a limit as a function of both mass and width rather than assuming a narrow line.
Because the background model is fitted per event class and per window, the limits are only as trustworthy as the assumption that the true background is one of the smooth analytic families considered; a detector-induced feature inside a window would bias the result without tripping the closure test.
The asymmetric outcome in the 2HDM interpretation, where the pseudoscalar is constrained and the scalar is not, suggests that the complementary channels coupling to $H$ (for example $H to ZZ$, $hh$, or $tau tau$ in other alignments) carry the remaining discriminating power for this model.
Scaling the quoted limits by the luminosity ratio gives a rough expectation for how much further the same analysis would reach at higher integrated luminosity and collision energy, which is the concrete way to judge whether the unexcluded regions are within eventual reach.

Original abstract

Results are presented of a search for heavy particles decaying into two photons. The analysis is based on a 19.7 inverse femtobarn sample of proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. The diphoton mass spectrum from 150 to 850 GeV is used to search for an excess of events over the background. The search is extended to new resonances with natural widths of up to 10% of the mass value. No evidence for new particle production is observed and limits at 95% confidence level on the production cross section times branching fraction to diphotons are determined. These limits are interpreted in terms of two-Higgs-doublet model parameters.

The compiled record

The paper's own sentences, arranged, kept beside the review and separate from it. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

Compiled by classifier-1.13-20260917 via OpenRouter, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 4,880 input tokens, $0.0002 reported.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.02 · states limitation 0.36 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.22 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.81 · compares with prior results 0.11 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v2. Results and the main claim are underlined; show every role.

Results are presented of a search for heavy particles decaying into two photons. The analysis is based on a 19.7 inverse femtobarn sample of proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. The diphoton mass spectrum from 150 to 850 GeV is used to search for an excess of events over the background. The search is extended to new resonances with natural widths of up to 10% of the mass value. No evidence for new particle production is observed and limits at 95% confidence level on the production cross section times branching fraction to diphotons are determined. These limits are interpreted in terms of two-Higgs-doublet model parameters.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#	sentence	role	the authors' own work	states the main conclusion	strength
s0	Results are presented of a search for heavy particles decaying into two photons.	contribution 0.95	0.92	0.05	asserted 0.89
s1	The analysis is based on a 19.7 inverse femtobarn sample of proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC.	method 1.00	0.84	0.02	asserted 0.99
s2	The diphoton mass spectrum from 150 to 850 GeV is used to search for an excess of events over the background.	method 0.98	0.93	0.02	asserted 0.99
s3	The search is extended to new resonances with natural widths of up to 10% of the mass value.	contribution 0.72	0.91	0.02	asserted 0.99
s4	No evidence for new particle production is observed and limits at 95% confidence level on the production cross section times branching fraction to diphotons are determined.	result 1.00	0.97	0.95	asserted 1.00
s5	These limits are interpreted in terms of two-Higgs-doublet model parameters.	interpretation 1.00	0.90	0.06	asserted 0.98

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: empirical study 1.00 · evidence from observation or experiment 0.59.

What was examined, and what was not

sources read

arXiv listing abstract v2

not examined

full text
figures and tables
references and citing sentences
relations to other papers

levels run

P abstract

not run

S sections
T body sentences
C citations
R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

Figures

**Figure 1.** Signal efficiency times acceptance as a function of the mass for a spin-0 scalar res

**Figure 2.** Diphoton invariant mass distribution for the selected events in data and simulation.

**Figure 3.** Fit to the detector response distribution for

**Figure 4.** Parametrized signal shape for a signal with

**Figure 5.** Fits to the diphoton mass distributions in the four classes of events in the window

**Figure 6.** Exclusion limit at 95% CL on the cross section times branching fraction of a new,

**Figure 7.** Exclusion limit at 95% CL on the cross section times branching fraction of a new,

**Figure 8.** Exclusion limit at 95% CL on the cross section times branching fraction of a new,

**Figure 9.** Combined observed (left) and expected (right) exclusion limits at 95% CL on the

**Figure 10.** Observed and expected 95% CL exclusion regions for gluon-fusion production of a

Figures reproduced from arXiv:1506.02301 by the authors.

References

Works cited (47)

[1]

CMS Collaboration, “Observation of a new boson with mass near 125 GeV in pp collisions at√s = 7 and 8 TeV”, JHEP 06 (2013) 081, doi:10.1007/JHEP06(2013)081, arXiv:1303.4571

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2013
[2]

CMS Collaboration, “Observation of the diphoton decay of the Higgs boson and measurement of its properties”, Eur. Phys. J. C 74 (2014) 3076, doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-014-3076-z , arXiv:1407.0558

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2014
[3]

ATLAS Collaboration, “Observation of a new particle in the search for the standard model Higgs boson with the ATLAS detector at the LHC”, Phys. Lett. B 716 (2012) 1, doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2012.08.020, arXiv:1207.7214

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2012
[4]

ATLAS Collaboration, “Measurement of Higgs boson production in the diphoton decay channel in pp collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector”, Phys. Rev. D 90 (2014) 112015, doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.90.112015

View on Pith doi:10.1103/physrevd.90.112015 2014
[5]

ATLAS Collaboration, “Search for Scalar Diphoton Resonances in the Mass Range 65–600 GeV with the ATLAS Detector in pp Collision Data at√s = 8 TeV”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 (2014) 171801, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.171801

View on Pith doi:10.1103/physrevlett.113.171801 2014
[6]

D0 Collaboration, “Search for Randall-Sundrum Gravitons in the Dielectron and Diphoton Final States with 5.4 fb−1 of data from p ¯p Collisions at√s = 1.96 TeV”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 (2010) 241802, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.241802, arXiv:1004.1826

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2010
[7]

CDF Collaboration, “Search for Randall-Sundrum gravitons in the diphoton channel at CDF”, Phys. Rev. D 83 (2011) 011102, doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.83.011102, arXiv:1012.2795

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2011
[8]

ATLAS Collaboration, “Search for extra dimensions in diphoton events using proton-proton collisions recorded at√s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC”, New J. Phys. 15 (2013) 043007, doi:10.1088/1367-2630/15/4/043007, arXiv:1210.8389

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2013
[9]

CMS Collaboration, “Search for Signatures of Extra Dimensions in the Diphoton Mass Spectrum at the Large Hadron Collider”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 (2012) 111801, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.111801, arXiv:1112.0688

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2012
[10]

N. Craig, J. Galloway, and S. Thomas, “Searching for signs of the second Higgs doublet”, (2013). arXiv:1305.2424

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2013
[11]

P . S. B. Dev and A. Pilaftsis, “Maximally symmetric two Higgs doublet model with natural standard model alignment”, (2014). arXiv:1408.3405. 18 References

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2014
[12]

S. L. Glashow and S. Weinberg, “Natural conservation laws for neutral currents”, Phys. Rev. D 15 (1977) 1958, doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.15.1958

View on Pith doi:10.1103/physrevd.15.1958 1977
[13]

L. D. Landau, “The moment of a 2-photon system”, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 60 (1948) 207

View on Pith 1948
[14]

C. N. Yang, “Selection Rules for the Dematerialization of a Particle into Two Photons”, Phys. Rev. 77 (1950) 242, doi:10.1103/PhysRev.77.242

View on Pith doi:10.1103/physrev.77.242 1950
[15]

L. Randall and R. Sundrum, “Large Mass Hierarchy from a Small Extra Dimension”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 (1999) 3370, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.3370

View on Pith Pith review doi:10.1103/physrevlett.83.3370 1999
[16]

N. Arkani-Hamed, S. Dimopoulos, and G. R. Dvali, “The hierarchy problem and new dimensions at a millimeter”, Phys. Lett. B 429 (1998) 263, doi:10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00466-3, arXiv:hep-ph/9803315

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1998
[17]

CMS Collaboration, “The CMS experiment at the CERN LHC”, JINST 3 (2008) S08004, doi:10.1088/1748-0221/3/08/S08004

View on Pith doi:10.1088/1748-0221/3/08/s08004 2008
[18]

CMS Collaboration, “Performance of photon reconstruction and identiﬁcation with the CMS detector in proton-proton collisions at√s = 8 TeV”, J. Instrum. 10 (2015) P08010, doi:10.1088/1748-0221/10/08/P08010

View on Pith doi:10.1088/1748-0221/10/08/p08010 2015
[19]

CMS Collaboration, “Energy calibration and resolution of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter in pp collisions at√s = 7 TeV”, J. Instrum. 8 (2013) P09009, doi:10.1088/1748-0221/8/09/P09009

View on Pith doi:10.1088/1748-0221/8/09/p09009 2013
[20]

GEANT4 Collaboration, “GEANT4—a simulation toolkit”, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 506 (2003) 250, doi:10.1016/S0168-9002(03)01368-8

View on Pith doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(03)01368-8 2003
[21]

T. Sj ¨ostrand, S. Mrenna, and P . Skands, “PYTHIA 6.4 physics and manual”, JHEP 05 (2006) 026, doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2006/05/026, arXiv:hep-ph/0603175

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2006
[22]

CMS Collaboration, “Measurement of the underlying event activity at the LHC with√s = 7 TeV and comparison with√s = 0.9 TeV”, JHEP 09 (2011) 109, doi:10.1007/JHEP09(2011)109, arXiv:1107.0330

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2011
[23]

T. Gleisberg et al., “Event generation with SHERPA 1.1”, JHEP 02 (2009) 007, doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2009/02/007, arXiv:0811.4622

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2009
[24]

L. J. Dixon and Y. Li, “Bounding the Higgs Boson Width through Interferometry”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 (2013) 111802, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.111802, arXiv:1305.3854

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2013
[25]

B. P . Roe et al., “Boosted decision trees as an alternative to artiﬁcial neural networks for particle identiﬁcation”, Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 543 (2005) 577, doi:10.1016/j.nima.2004.12.018, arXiv:physics/0408124

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2005
[26]

H. Voss, A. H ¨ocker, J. Stelzer, and F. Tegenfeldt, “TMVA, the Toolkit for Multivariate Data Analysis with ROOT”, in XIth International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis T echniques in Physics Research (ACAT), p. 40. 2007. arXiv:physics/0703039

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2007
[27]

CMS Collaboration, “Measurement of the inclusive W and Z production cross sections in pp collisions at√s = 7 TeV”, JHEP 10 (2011) 132, doi:10.1007/JHEP10(2011)132, arXiv:1107.4789. References 19

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2011
[28]

M. Cacciari and G. P . Salam, “Pileup subtraction using jet areas”, Phys. Lett. B 659 (2008) 119, doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2007.09.077

View on Pith doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2007.09.077 2008
[29]

CMS Collaboration, “Search for the standard model Higgs boson decaying into two photons in pp collisions at√s = 7 TeV”, Phys. Lett.B 710 (2012) 403, doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2012.03.003, arXiv:1202.1487

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2012
[30]

CMS Collaboration, “Measurement of the production cross section for pairs of isolated photons in pp collisions at√s = 7 TeV”, JHEP 01 (2012) 133, doi:10.1007/JHEP01(2012)133, arXiv:1110.6461

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2012
[31]

CMS Collaboration, “Measurement of the differential dijet production cross section in proton-proton collisions at√s = 7 TeV”, Phys. Lett. B 700 (2011) 187, doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2011.05.027, arXiv:1104.1693

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2011
[32]

A. L. Read, “Presentation of search results: the CL s technique”, J. Phys. G 28 (2002) 2693, doi:10.1088/0954-3899/28/10/313

View on Pith doi:10.1088/0954-3899/28/10/313 2002
[33]

T. Junk, “Conﬁdence level computation for combining searches with small statistics”, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 434 (1999) 435, doi:10.1016/S0168-9002(99)00498-2, arXiv:hep-ex/9902006

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1999
[34]

ATLAS and CMS Collaborations, LHC Higgs Combination Group, “Procedure for the LHC Higgs boson search combination in Summer 2011”, Technical Report ATL-PHYS-PUB 2011-11, CMS NOTE 2011/005, 2011

View on Pith 2011
[35]

M. J. Oreglia, “A study of the reactions ψ′→ γγψ”. PhD thesis, Stanford University,

View on Pith
[36]

LHC Higgs Cross Section Working Group Collaboration, “Handbook of LHC Higgs cross sections: 3. Higgs properties”, technical report, 2013. doi:10.5170/CERN-2013-004, arXiv:hep-ph/1307.1347

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2013
[37]

S. Goria, G. Passarino, and D. Rosco, “The Higgs-boson lineshape”, Nucl. Phys. B 864 (2012) 530, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2012.07.006, arXiv:1112.5517

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2012
[38]

CMS Collaboration, “Search for Dijet Resonances in 7 TeV pp Collisions at CMS”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 (2010) 211801, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.211801. [Erratum: doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.029902]

View on Pith Pith review doi:10.1103/physrevlett.105.211801 2010
[39]

CMS Collaboration, “CMS Luminosity Based on Pixel Cluster Counting - Summer 2013 Update”, CMS Physics Analysis Summary CMS-PAS-LUM-13-001, 2013

View on Pith 2013
[40]

CMS Collaboration, “Search for heavy narrow dilepton resonances in pp collisions at√s = 7 TeV and√s = 8 TeV”, Phys. Lett. B 720 (2013) 63, doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2013.02.003, arXiv:1212.6175

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2013
[41]

G. Cowan, K. Cranmer, E. Gross, and O. Vitells, “Asymptotic formulae for likelihood-based tests of new physics”, Eur. Phys. J. C 71 (2011) 1554, doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-011-1554-0 , arXiv:1007.1727

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2011
[42]

R. V . Harlander, S. Liebler, and H. Mantler, “SusHi: A program for the calculation of Higgs production in gluon fusion and bottom-quark annihilation in the standard model and the MSSM”, Comput. Phys. Commun. 184 (2013) 1605, doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2013.02.006, arXiv:1212.3249. 20 References

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2013
[43]

D. Eriksson, J. Rathsman, and O. Stal, “2HDMC: two-Higgs-doublet model calculator”, Comput. Phys. Commun. 181 (2010) 189, doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2009.09.011, arXiv:0902.0851

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2010
[44]

ATLAS Collaboration, “Search for a CP-odd Higgs boson decaying to Zh in pp collisions at with the ATLAS detector”, Phys. Lett. B 744 (2015) 163, doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2015.03.054

View on Pith doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2015.03.054 2015
[45]

CMS Collaboration, “Search for a pseudoscalar boson decaying into a Z boson and the 125 GeV Higgs boson in llbb ﬁnal states”, (2015). arXiv:1504.04710. Submitted to Phys. Lett. B

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2015
[46]

CMS Collaboration, “Searches for heavy Higgs bosons in two-Higgs-doublet models and for t→ ch decay using multilepton and diphoton ﬁnal states in pp collisions at 8 TeV”, Phys. Rev. D 90 (2014) 112013, doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.90.112013, arXiv:1410.2751. 21 A The CMS Collaboration Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia V . Khachatryan, A.M. Sirunyan, A. ...

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2014
[1980]

SLAC Report SLAC-R-236, see Appendix D

View on Pith

Forward citations

Cited by 35 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

Higgs bosons with large couplings to light quarks
hep-ph 2019-08 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

New SFV two-Higgs-doublet models allow electroweak-scale Higgs bosons with order-0.1 light-quark couplings, consistent with all current flavor and collider bounds.
New LHC bound on low-mass diphoton resonances
hep-ph 2017-10 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Inclusive diphoton cross section measurements at 7 and 8 TeV are recast into a 10-100 pb bound on low-mass diphoton resonances, excluding axion-like particles with decay constants below about 500 GeV between 10 and 50 GeV.
Next-to-leading order unitarity fits in Two-Higgs-Doublet models with soft $\mathbb{Z}_2$ breaking
hep-ph 2016-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Global fits with NLO unitarity conditions cap the 2HDM quartic couplings at 4.2 in magnitude and heavy Higgs mass splittings at 235 GeV (type I) and 100 GeV (type II) at 95% confidence.
Search for resonances in diphoton events at $\sqrt{s}$=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
hep-ex 2016-06 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

ATLAS finds a 2.1-sigma global excess near 750 GeV in the diphoton mass spectrum and sets 95% CL limits on spin-0 and spin-2 resonance production.
Singlets in Composite Higgs Models in light of the LHC di-photon searches
hep-ph 2015-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

All composite Higgs models with top partners contain a singlet pseudoscalar coupling to gauge bosons through the Wess-Zumino-Witten anomaly, and only a subset survives LHC di-boson bounds if it explains the 750 GeV di...

Show 30 more citing papers

Minimal Composite Dynamics versus Axion Origin of the Diphoton excess
hep-ph 2015-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

A 750 GeV pseudoscalar reproduces the diphoton excess in both an axion-like and a minimal composite eta-prime realization, and the two can be separated by their WW, ZZ and Z-photon branching ratios.
Interpreting a 750 GeV Diphoton Resonance
hep-ph 2015-12 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

A 750 GeV spin-zero diphoton resonance requires a photon coupling above about 2.7 and cannot be a pure singlet, doublet, 2HDM scalar, or vacuum-stable MSSM Higgs.
Footprints of New Strong Dynamics via Anomaly and the 750 GeV Diphoton
hep-ph 2015-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

A QCD-like confining theory whose singlet pseudo-Goldstone boson decays to two photons through the chiral anomaly can reproduce the 750 GeV diphoton excess, with the rate fixed by anomaly matching.
Global fits of the two-loop renormalized Two-Higgs-Doublet model with soft $Z_2$ breaking
hep-ph 2015-03 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Two-loop RGEs and global fits show that a stable Two-Higgs-Doublet model up to the Planck scale requires quartic couplings below about 1 and pushes the heavy Higgs masses above 340 to 360 GeV in type II and Y.
HiggsBounds-5: Testing Higgs Sectors in the LHC 13 TeV Era
hep-ph 2020-06 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

HiggsBounds-5 adds LHC 13 TeV search results, a wider theoretical input framework, and a CLs-based reconstruction of tau-tau exclusion likelihoods that reproduces official ATLAS and CMS limits.
Search for physics beyond the standard model in high-mass diphoton events from proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV
hep-ex 2018-09 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

No significant diphoton excess is observed; Randall-Sundrum gravitons below 2.3 to 4.6 TeV and ADD string scales below 5.6 to 9.7 TeV are excluded at 95% confidence, with first limits on a continuum clockwork model.
Search for high-mass diphoton resonances in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV and combination with 8 TeV search
hep-ex 2016-09 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

No diphoton resonance appears in 12.9 fb^-1 of 13 TeV CMS data, and the combined 8+13 TeV dataset excludes Randall-Sundrum gravitons below 1.95 to 4.45 TeV depending on the coupling parameter.
Search for resonant production of high-mass photon pairs in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 and 13 TeV
hep-ex 2016-06 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

A combined CMS search finds a local 3.4σ diphoton excess near 750 GeV that falls to about 1.6σ global, and excludes Randall-Sundrum gravitons below 1.6 to 3.8 TeV depending on coupling.
A comprehensive approach to dark matter studies: exploration of simplified top-philic models
hep-ph 2016-05 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

A four-dimensional scan of simplified top-philic dark matter shows relic density drives most exclusions, direct detection covers the mediator-lighter-than-DM region, and LHC resonance and missing-energy searches are c...
A Visible QCD Axion from an Enlarged Color Group
hep-ph 2016-04 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

Enlarging the color group to SU(3+N') gives the QCD axion a second nonperturbative mass contribution from the hidden SU(N') confinement scale, allowing an electroweak-scale axion searchable at the LHC.
On the 750 GeV di-photon excess
hep-ph 2015-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

A gauge-singlet scalar explains the 750 GeV diphoton excess far more easily than a second Higgs doublet, and cascade decays of a heavier resonance can fit the 13 TeV signal while staying under 8 TeV limits.
One jet to rule them all: monojet constraints and invisible decays of a 750 GeV diphoton resonance
hep-ph 2015-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

Recasting the 8 TeV ATLAS monojet search excludes mediator scales below roughly 500 to 650 GeV for a 750 GeV scalar portal to Majorana dark matter, leaving narrow windows where a broad diphoton resonance and the relic...
The 750 GeV diphoton excess at the LHC and dark matter constraints
hep-ph 2015-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

A 750 GeV scalar decaying partly to dark matter can explain the diphoton bump's large rate and broad width, but relic density, direct detection, and gamma-ray searches exclude much of the required coupling range.
Symmetries Behind the 750 GeV Diphoton Excess
hep-ph 2015-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

A gauged baryon-number or B+L model with a 750 GeV scalar and anomaly-cancelling vector-like quarks can accommodate the LHC diphoton excess, with the width supplied by a tuned dark matter coupling.
A resonance without resonance: scrutinizing the diphoton excess at 750 GeV
hep-ph 2015-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

A cascade of two pseudoscalars, a heavy one near 1.75 TeV decaying to two 750 GeV states that decay to photons, can fit the 13 TeV diphoton excess with chi-squared 1.8 versus 8.8 for the Standard Model alone.
Phenomenology of a 750 GeV Singlet
hep-ph 2015-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

A 750 GeV singlet scalar coupled to vector-like quarks fits the 2015 diphoton excess, but mixing with the Higgs is constrained to sin(alpha) below about 0.1 and a large invisible width is excluded by monojet searches.
Experimental Considerations Motivated by the Diphoton Excess at the LHC
hep-ph 2015-12 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

If the 750 GeV diphoton excess is a real particle, correlated signals in top-partner decays, collimated photons, or quirk events should be visible in existing LHC data.
A hidden confining world on the 750 GeV diphoton excess
hep-ph 2015-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

A hidden confining gauge theory with four vector-like fermions yields a 750 GeV pseudo-Goldstone boson whose anomaly-induced couplings to gluons and photons can reproduce the LHC diphoton excess.
Scattering Light by Light at 750 GeV at the LHC
hep-ph 2015-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

Photon fusion of a 750 GeV scalar can account for the 2015 diphoton excess, and elastic light-by-light scattering with tagged protons provides a clean confirmation channel.
Goldstones in Diphotons
hep-ph 2015-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

Of three Goldstone-type explanations for the 750 GeV diphoton excess, a CP-odd pseudo-Goldstone boson with a large electromagnetic anomaly and the sgoldstino survive Run-1 constraints, while the minimal dilaton does not.
A pseudoscalar decaying to photon pairs in the early LHC Run 2 data
hep-ph 2015-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

A 750 GeV pseudoscalar produced in gluon fusion and decaying to photon pairs can reproduce the early Run 2 diphoton excess while evading diboson and top-quark limits, and such a state arises naturally in composite Hig...
On the Interpretation of a Possible $\sim 750$ GeV Particle Decaying into $\gamma \gamma$
hep-ph 2015-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

A 750 GeV scalar or pseudoscalar produced by gluon fusion through loops of vector-like quarks can explain the reported diphoton excess only if enough such quarks contribute to keep the couplings perturbative.
Rays of light from the LHC
hep-ph 2015-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

A lone 750 GeV resonance cannot account for the LHC diphoton excess; at least one additional new state is required, and four concrete model classes are viable.
Di-photon excess illuminates Dark Matter
hep-ph 2015-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

A 750 GeV scalar mediator decaying invisibly to a ~300 GeV Dirac fermion can simultaneously account for the large width hinted by ATLAS and the observed dark matter relic density, predicting a jet plus missing-energy ...
Diphoton and Dark Matter from Cascade Decay
hep-ph 2015-12 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

A heavy 1.6 TeV scalar decaying to two 750 GeV scalars, each decaying to photons or dark matter, can reproduce the 2015 diphoton excess while predicting four-photon and diboson signals.
Higgs singlet boson as a diphoton resonance in a vector-like quark model
hep-ph 2015-12 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

A Higgs singlet coupled to vector-like triplet quarks reproduces the 750 GeV diphoton excess with a roughly 1 pb production cross section and a 1.7 percent diphoton branching ratio.
The Minimal Scalar-Stealth Top Interpretation of the Diphoton Excess
hep-ph 2015-12 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

A singlet scalar at 750 GeV with a stealth vector-like top quark of 400 to 500 GeV and Yukawa coupling 0.5 to 1.5 can fit the 2015 diphoton excess without violating dijet or dark matter constraints.
Implications of diphoton searches for a Radion in the Bulk-Higgs Scenario
hep-ph 2015-12 accept novelty 4.0 of 10

Diphoton searches at the LHC are the most sensitive probe of a bulk-Higgs radion, already excluding large regions of its parameter space, especially at small warp factors.
First interpretation of the 750 GeV di-photon resonance at the LHC
hep-ph 2015-12 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

A singlet scalar extension of the Standard Model can accommodate the 750 GeV diphoton excess, while the MSSM and unextended two-Higgs-doublet models are excluded by the null top-quark-pair search at 8 TeV.
On sgoldstino interpretation of the diphoton excess
hep-ph 2015-12 conditional novelty 3.0 of 10

A 750 GeV sgoldstino in low-scale supersymmetry breaking can account for the LHC diphoton excess and predicts correlated WW, ZZ, and Z-photon resonances at the same mass.

How later papers used it

86 later papers cite it

Evidence: substantial. 82 of the citing papers share no author with it, and 37 of those carry a confident label from Pith's citation classifier.

Pith read 17 of the 126 citing sentences, choosing only those whose citation markers point at this paper alone, and wrote the paraphrases from them. The summary, the counts, the evidence level, the links and the quotes come from code; the summary counts the papers listed below. A later paper is listed under a label when Pith's citation classifier gives one of its sentences that label at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), Pith's reading finds that the citing paper itself did it, and a second check confirms the paraphrase against the sentence. This section lists uses only. It does not list criticism or disagreement, so their absence here says nothing about how the paper has been received. Papers that share an author with this one are listed apart, under "By the same authors". A quote is the citing authors' own sentence, shown when their paper's licence is CC BY, CC BY-SA or CC0. JSON

2 later papers by other authors are listed below: 2 used its data or values. 1 more paper by the same authors is listed: 1 used its data or values.

Uses its data or values 3 of 34 papers with this label · 1 by the same authors

Obtained its curves using the 95% C.L. limits given in this paper for the 8 TeV CMS data with 19.7 fb^-1.

Collider Tests of (Composite) Diphoton Resonances (2016) · 0.94 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting
Took the diphoton searches at sqrt(s)=8 TeV from this paper using 19.7 fb^-1 for CMS.

Phenomenology of a 750 GeV Singlet (2015) · 1.00 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting

By the same authors

Performed a combined analysis of the 8 TeV data set of this paper, the 13 TeV data set of another work, and the 13 TeV data set examined there to improve the sensitivity of the results.

Search for high-mass diphoton resonances in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV and combination with 8 TeV search (2016) (same authors) · 0.88 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting

How the literature uses it

85 arXiv papers cite this in 125 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers citing it · 68 sentences without a confident label

Uses its method or tool 3 papers

HiggsBounds [ref] incorporates results from LEP [ref] , the Tevatron [ref] , the ATLAS [ref] , and the CMS [ref] experiments.

Light dark matter around 100 GeV from the inert doublet model · Limits from collider searches · 0.93
The intervals are chosen by comparing the results of the nominal parameterization with those obtained using alternative parameterizations of the background, with the intervals determined to minimize differences in the predicted background yields [ref] .

Search for resonant production of high-mass photon pairs in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 and 13 TeV · Introduction · 0.81
HiggsBounds uses a number of experimental analyses [ref] , and internally uses several SM results [ref] to convert between experimental limits with different normalizations.

Characterizing simplified models for heavy Higgs decays to supersymmetric particles · Analysis Setup · 0.80

Uses its data or values 34 papers

The production cross-sections of a 750 GeV resonance observed by CMS are $σ(pp →S →γγ) = 0.5 ±0.6 fb$ at $√(s) = 8$ TeV [ref] and $6 ±3 fb$ at $√(s) = 13$ TeV [ref] , in conjunction with the ATLAS observations of $σ(pp →S →γγ) = 0.4 ±0.8 fb$ at $√(s) = 8$ TeV [ref] and $10 ±3 fb$ at $√(s) = 13$ TeV [ref] .

A Flippon Related Singlet at the LHC II · Diphotons at the $√(s) = 13$ TeV LHC · 1.00
There are six data sets to consider: the ATLAS [ref] and CMS [ref] Run-II searches at 13 TeV – which contain the anomalous excess that have caused so much excitement of late – and the previous 8 TeV Run-I diphoton resonance searches from the two experiments [ref] .

Wide or Narrow? The Phenomenology of 750 GeV Diphotons · Combination Fits · 0.97
We read in the predicted backgrounds and observed data from the reported plots in Refs. [ref] .

How Resonance-Continuum Interference Changes 750 GeV Diphoton Excess: Signal Enhancement and Peak Shift · Dataset and Method · 0.99

Compares with it 3 papers

We find that these limits are much stronger than the ones obtained in the LHC-8 analysis from ATLAS [ref] with 20.3 fb$^-1$ and CMS [ref] with 19.7 fb$^-1$.

Diphoton Resonances at the LHC · Photon fusion production · 0.97
The method used for 13and the one of Ref. [ref] yield similar levels of uncertainty in the background estimation.

Search for resonant production of high-mass photon pairs in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 and 13 TeV · Introduction · 0.81
Roughly they are consistent with their respective previous $√(s)=8$ TeV measurements [ref] , in which the ATLAS experiment [ref] did not go beyond an invariant mass of $600$ GeV, and the CMS experiment [ref] observed an $∼1.8σ$ local significance there.

The Minimal Scalar-Stealth Top Interpretation of the Diphoton Excess · Introduction · 0.90

Cites it as background 9 papers

Over the course of the past few years the CMS and ATLAS experiments produced several searches for $X →γγ$ decays in Run 1 and Run 2 data [ref] .

Hadron Collider Searches for Diboson Resonances · Searches for $γγ$ Resonances · 0.83
The earlier search for diphoton resonances was performed by ATLAS [ref] and CMS [ref] at $√(s)=8$ TeV.

Higgs singlet boson as a diphoton resonance in a vector-like quark model · Introduction · 0.98
Previous LHC searches for spin-0 resonances decaying to two photons were performed at $√(s)=8$ [ref] , and for spin-2 resonances decaying to a pair of photons, leptons, jets, or vector bosons at $√(s)=7$, 8, and 13 [ref] .

Search for resonant production of high-mass photon pairs in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 and 13 TeV · Introduction · 0.92

What it cites · 13 sentences without a confident label

Uses the method or tool of 12 papers

In order to assess the compatibility of the data with the presence of a diphoton resonance, we make a hypothesis test based on a frequentist construction [ref] .

Confidence Level Computation for Combining Searches with Small Statistics · Statistical methodology · 1.00
A modified frequentist method [ref] is employed, with the asymptotic approximation for the statistic test as described in Ref. [ref] .

Asymptotic formulae for likelihood-based tests of new physics · Results and interpretation · 1.00
The theoretical line shape of unstable particles is modeled with a Breit–Wigner (BW) distribution with a mass-dependent width [ref] : [equation] The effect of the proton parton distribution functions (PDF) on the signal shape for a wide resonance (with $Γ_= 0.1 M_$) is investigated with high-mass Higgs boson samples produced with the generator [ref] .

The Higgs Boson Lineshape · Parametric line shape · 0.95

Compares with 3 papers

The constraints obtained in this analysis on the 2HDM parameters are complementary to those already set by ATLAS on heavy neutral Higgs boson production using multilepton final states [ref] and by CMS on heavy neutral Higgs bosons production using multilepton and diphoton final states [ref] .

Searches for heavy Higgs bosons in two-Higgs-doublet models and for t to ch decay using multilepton and diphoton final states in pp collisions at 8 TeV · Interpretation in two-Higgs-doublet model · 1.00
The constraints obtained in this analysis on the 2HDM parameters are complementary to those already set by ATLAS on heavy neutral Higgs boson production using multilepton final states [ref] and by CMS on heavy neutral Higgs bosons production using multilepton and diphoton final states [ref] .

Search for a pseudoscalar boson decaying into a Z boson and the 125 GeV Higgs boson in llbb final states · Interpretation in two-Higgs-doublet model · 1.00
These contour plots are similar to those in [ref] .

Searching for Signs of the Second Higgs Doublet · Interpretation in two-Higgs-doublet model · 0.98

Cites as background 8 papers

The discovery of a standard model-like Higgs boson at the CERN LHC [ref] opens a new phase in the understanding of the standard model (SM) of particle physics.

Observation of a new particle in the search for the Standard Model Higgs boson with the ATLAS detector at the LHC · Introduction · 0.98
The discovery of a standard model-like Higgs boson at the CERN LHC [ref] opens a new phase in the understanding of the standard model (SM) of particle physics.

Observation of the diphoton decay of the Higgs boson and measurement of its properties · Introduction · 0.98
The discovery of a standard model-like Higgs boson at the CERN LHC [ref] opens a new phase in the understanding of the standard model (SM) of particle physics.

Observation of a new boson with mass near 125 GeV in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 and 8 TeV · Introduction · 0.98

Discussion

Disagree with the review, or know something it missed? Leave a comment, highlight any passage above to comment on it, or challenge this review formally.

[1] [1]

CMS Collaboration, “Observation of a new boson with mass near 125 GeV in pp collisions at√s = 7 and 8 TeV”, JHEP 06 (2013) 081, doi:10.1007/JHEP06(2013)081, arXiv:1303.4571

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2013

[2] [2]

CMS Collaboration, “Observation of the diphoton decay of the Higgs boson and measurement of its properties”, Eur. Phys. J. C 74 (2014) 3076, doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-014-3076-z , arXiv:1407.0558

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2014

[3] [3]

ATLAS Collaboration, “Observation of a new particle in the search for the standard model Higgs boson with the ATLAS detector at the LHC”, Phys. Lett. B 716 (2012) 1, doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2012.08.020, arXiv:1207.7214

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2012

[4] [4]

ATLAS Collaboration, “Measurement of Higgs boson production in the diphoton decay channel in pp collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector”, Phys. Rev. D 90 (2014) 112015, doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.90.112015

View on Pith doi:10.1103/physrevd.90.112015 2014

[5] [5]

ATLAS Collaboration, “Search for Scalar Diphoton Resonances in the Mass Range 65–600 GeV with the ATLAS Detector in pp Collision Data at√s = 8 TeV”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 (2014) 171801, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.171801

View on Pith doi:10.1103/physrevlett.113.171801 2014

[6] [6]

D0 Collaboration, “Search for Randall-Sundrum Gravitons in the Dielectron and Diphoton Final States with 5.4 fb−1 of data from p ¯p Collisions at√s = 1.96 TeV”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 (2010) 241802, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.241802, arXiv:1004.1826

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2010

[7] [7]

CDF Collaboration, “Search for Randall-Sundrum gravitons in the diphoton channel at CDF”, Phys. Rev. D 83 (2011) 011102, doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.83.011102, arXiv:1012.2795

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2011

[8] [8]

ATLAS Collaboration, “Search for extra dimensions in diphoton events using proton-proton collisions recorded at√s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC”, New J. Phys. 15 (2013) 043007, doi:10.1088/1367-2630/15/4/043007, arXiv:1210.8389

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2013

[9] [9]

CMS Collaboration, “Search for Signatures of Extra Dimensions in the Diphoton Mass Spectrum at the Large Hadron Collider”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 (2012) 111801, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.111801, arXiv:1112.0688

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2012

[10] [10]

N. Craig, J. Galloway, and S. Thomas, “Searching for signs of the second Higgs doublet”, (2013). arXiv:1305.2424

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2013

[11] [11]

P . S. B. Dev and A. Pilaftsis, “Maximally symmetric two Higgs doublet model with natural standard model alignment”, (2014). arXiv:1408.3405. 18 References

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2014

[12] [12]

S. L. Glashow and S. Weinberg, “Natural conservation laws for neutral currents”, Phys. Rev. D 15 (1977) 1958, doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.15.1958

View on Pith doi:10.1103/physrevd.15.1958 1977

[13] [13]

L. D. Landau, “The moment of a 2-photon system”, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 60 (1948) 207

View on Pith 1948

[14] [14]

C. N. Yang, “Selection Rules for the Dematerialization of a Particle into Two Photons”, Phys. Rev. 77 (1950) 242, doi:10.1103/PhysRev.77.242

View on Pith doi:10.1103/physrev.77.242 1950

[15] [15]

L. Randall and R. Sundrum, “Large Mass Hierarchy from a Small Extra Dimension”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 (1999) 3370, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.3370

View on Pith Pith review doi:10.1103/physrevlett.83.3370 1999

[16] [16]

N. Arkani-Hamed, S. Dimopoulos, and G. R. Dvali, “The hierarchy problem and new dimensions at a millimeter”, Phys. Lett. B 429 (1998) 263, doi:10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00466-3, arXiv:hep-ph/9803315

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1998

[17] [17]

CMS Collaboration, “The CMS experiment at the CERN LHC”, JINST 3 (2008) S08004, doi:10.1088/1748-0221/3/08/S08004

View on Pith doi:10.1088/1748-0221/3/08/s08004 2008

[18] [18]

CMS Collaboration, “Performance of photon reconstruction and identiﬁcation with the CMS detector in proton-proton collisions at√s = 8 TeV”, J. Instrum. 10 (2015) P08010, doi:10.1088/1748-0221/10/08/P08010

View on Pith doi:10.1088/1748-0221/10/08/p08010 2015

[19] [19]

CMS Collaboration, “Energy calibration and resolution of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter in pp collisions at√s = 7 TeV”, J. Instrum. 8 (2013) P09009, doi:10.1088/1748-0221/8/09/P09009

View on Pith doi:10.1088/1748-0221/8/09/p09009 2013

[20] [20]

GEANT4 Collaboration, “GEANT4—a simulation toolkit”, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 506 (2003) 250, doi:10.1016/S0168-9002(03)01368-8

View on Pith doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(03)01368-8 2003

[21] [21]

T. Sj ¨ostrand, S. Mrenna, and P . Skands, “PYTHIA 6.4 physics and manual”, JHEP 05 (2006) 026, doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2006/05/026, arXiv:hep-ph/0603175

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2006

[22] [22]

CMS Collaboration, “Measurement of the underlying event activity at the LHC with√s = 7 TeV and comparison with√s = 0.9 TeV”, JHEP 09 (2011) 109, doi:10.1007/JHEP09(2011)109, arXiv:1107.0330

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2011

[23] [23]

T. Gleisberg et al., “Event generation with SHERPA 1.1”, JHEP 02 (2009) 007, doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2009/02/007, arXiv:0811.4622

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2009

[24] [24]

L. J. Dixon and Y. Li, “Bounding the Higgs Boson Width through Interferometry”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 (2013) 111802, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.111802, arXiv:1305.3854

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2013

[25] [25]

B. P . Roe et al., “Boosted decision trees as an alternative to artiﬁcial neural networks for particle identiﬁcation”, Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 543 (2005) 577, doi:10.1016/j.nima.2004.12.018, arXiv:physics/0408124

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2005

[26] [26]

H. Voss, A. H ¨ocker, J. Stelzer, and F. Tegenfeldt, “TMVA, the Toolkit for Multivariate Data Analysis with ROOT”, in XIth International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis T echniques in Physics Research (ACAT), p. 40. 2007. arXiv:physics/0703039

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2007

[27] [27]

CMS Collaboration, “Measurement of the inclusive W and Z production cross sections in pp collisions at√s = 7 TeV”, JHEP 10 (2011) 132, doi:10.1007/JHEP10(2011)132, arXiv:1107.4789. References 19

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2011

[28] [28]

M. Cacciari and G. P . Salam, “Pileup subtraction using jet areas”, Phys. Lett. B 659 (2008) 119, doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2007.09.077

View on Pith doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2007.09.077 2008

[29] [29]

CMS Collaboration, “Search for the standard model Higgs boson decaying into two photons in pp collisions at√s = 7 TeV”, Phys. Lett.B 710 (2012) 403, doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2012.03.003, arXiv:1202.1487

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2012

[30] [30]

CMS Collaboration, “Measurement of the production cross section for pairs of isolated photons in pp collisions at√s = 7 TeV”, JHEP 01 (2012) 133, doi:10.1007/JHEP01(2012)133, arXiv:1110.6461

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2012

[31] [31]

CMS Collaboration, “Measurement of the differential dijet production cross section in proton-proton collisions at√s = 7 TeV”, Phys. Lett. B 700 (2011) 187, doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2011.05.027, arXiv:1104.1693

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2011

[32] [32]

A. L. Read, “Presentation of search results: the CL s technique”, J. Phys. G 28 (2002) 2693, doi:10.1088/0954-3899/28/10/313

View on Pith doi:10.1088/0954-3899/28/10/313 2002

[33] [33]

T. Junk, “Conﬁdence level computation for combining searches with small statistics”, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 434 (1999) 435, doi:10.1016/S0168-9002(99)00498-2, arXiv:hep-ex/9902006

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 1999

[34] [34]

ATLAS and CMS Collaborations, LHC Higgs Combination Group, “Procedure for the LHC Higgs boson search combination in Summer 2011”, Technical Report ATL-PHYS-PUB 2011-11, CMS NOTE 2011/005, 2011

View on Pith 2011

[35] [35]

M. J. Oreglia, “A study of the reactions ψ′→ γγψ”. PhD thesis, Stanford University,

View on Pith

[36] [36]

LHC Higgs Cross Section Working Group Collaboration, “Handbook of LHC Higgs cross sections: 3. Higgs properties”, technical report, 2013. doi:10.5170/CERN-2013-004, arXiv:hep-ph/1307.1347

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2013

[37] [37]

S. Goria, G. Passarino, and D. Rosco, “The Higgs-boson lineshape”, Nucl. Phys. B 864 (2012) 530, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2012.07.006, arXiv:1112.5517

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2012

[38] [38]

CMS Collaboration, “Search for Dijet Resonances in 7 TeV pp Collisions at CMS”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 (2010) 211801, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.211801. [Erratum: doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.029902]

View on Pith Pith review doi:10.1103/physrevlett.105.211801 2010

[39] [39]

CMS Collaboration, “CMS Luminosity Based on Pixel Cluster Counting - Summer 2013 Update”, CMS Physics Analysis Summary CMS-PAS-LUM-13-001, 2013

View on Pith 2013

[40] [40]

CMS Collaboration, “Search for heavy narrow dilepton resonances in pp collisions at√s = 7 TeV and√s = 8 TeV”, Phys. Lett. B 720 (2013) 63, doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2013.02.003, arXiv:1212.6175

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2013

[41] [41]

G. Cowan, K. Cranmer, E. Gross, and O. Vitells, “Asymptotic formulae for likelihood-based tests of new physics”, Eur. Phys. J. C 71 (2011) 1554, doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-011-1554-0 , arXiv:1007.1727

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2011

[42] [42]

R. V . Harlander, S. Liebler, and H. Mantler, “SusHi: A program for the calculation of Higgs production in gluon fusion and bottom-quark annihilation in the standard model and the MSSM”, Comput. Phys. Commun. 184 (2013) 1605, doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2013.02.006, arXiv:1212.3249. 20 References

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2013

[43] [43]

D. Eriksson, J. Rathsman, and O. Stal, “2HDMC: two-Higgs-doublet model calculator”, Comput. Phys. Commun. 181 (2010) 189, doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2009.09.011, arXiv:0902.0851

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2010

[44] [44]

ATLAS Collaboration, “Search for a CP-odd Higgs boson decaying to Zh in pp collisions at with the ATLAS detector”, Phys. Lett. B 744 (2015) 163, doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2015.03.054

View on Pith doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2015.03.054 2015

[45] [45]

CMS Collaboration, “Search for a pseudoscalar boson decaying into a Z boson and the 125 GeV Higgs boson in llbb ﬁnal states”, (2015). arXiv:1504.04710. Submitted to Phys. Lett. B

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2015

[46] [46]

CMS Collaboration, “Searches for heavy Higgs bosons in two-Higgs-doublet models and for t→ ch decay using multilepton and diphoton ﬁnal states in pp collisions at 8 TeV”, Phys. Rev. D 90 (2014) 112013, doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.90.112013, arXiv:1410.2751. 21 A The CMS Collaboration Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia V . Khachatryan, A.M. Sirunyan, A. ...

View on Pith Pith review arXiv 2014

[47] [1980]

SLAC Report SLAC-R-236, see Appendix D

View on Pith