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Discovery of a second outbursting hyperluminous X-ray source
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Submitted 1 Sep 2015
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim We therefore conclude that CXO J122518.6+144545 is most likely an outbursting HLX.
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The abstract, sentence by sentence
We report on six Chandra and one HST/WFC3 observation of CXO J122518.6+144545, discovered by Jonker et al. (2010) as a candidate hyperluminous X-ray source (HLX), X-ray bright supernova or recoiling supermassive black hole at $L_X = 2.2 \times 10^{41}$ erg/s (if associated with the galaxy at 182 Mpc). We detect a new outburst of the source in a Chandra image obtained on Nov 20, 2014 and show that the X-ray count rate varies by a factor $> 60$. New HST/WFC3 observations obtained in 2014 show that the optical counterpart is still visible at $g' = 27.1 \pm 0.1$, $1 \pm 0.1$ magnitude fainter than in the discovery HST/ACS observation from 2003. This optical variability strongly suggests that the optical and X-ray source are related. Furthermore, these properties strongly favour an HLX nature of the source over the alternative scenarios. We therefore conclude that CXO J122518.6+144545 is most likely an outbursting HLX. It is only the second such object to be discovered, after HLX-1 in ESO 243-49. Its high X-ray luminosity makes it a strong candidate to host an intermediate mass black hole.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | We report on six Chandra and one HST/WFC3 observation of CXO J122518.6+144545, discovered by Jonker et al. (2010) as a candidate hyperluminous X-ray source (HLX), X-ray bright supernova or recoiling supermassive black hole at $L_X = 2.2 \times 10^{41}$ erg/s (if associated with the galaxy at 182 Mpc). | contribution 0.56 | 0.17 | 0.03 | asserted 0.77 |
| s1 | We detect a new outburst of the source in a Chandra image obtained on Nov 20, 2014 and show that the X-ray count rate varies by a factor $> 60$. | result 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.03 | asserted 1.00 |
| s2 | New HST/WFC3 observations obtained in 2014 show that the optical counterpart is still visible at $g' = 27.1 \pm 0.1$, $1 \pm 0.1$ magnitude fainter than in the discovery HST/ACS observation from 2003. | result 1.00 | 0.93 | 0.02 | asserted 1.00 |
| s3 | This optical variability strongly suggests that the optical and X-ray source are related. | interpretation 1.00 | 0.79 | 0.04 | hedged possibility 1.00 |
| s4 | Furthermore, these properties strongly favour an HLX nature of the source over the alternative scenarios. | interpretation 1.00 | 0.74 | 0.09 | asserted 0.64 |
| s5 | We therefore conclude that CXO J122518.6+144545 is most likely an outbursting HLX. | interpretation 0.95 | 0.83 | 0.97 | hedged possibility 0.95 |
| s6 | It is only the second such object to be discovered, after HLX-1 in ESO 243-49. | result 0.41 | 0.41 | 0.08 | asserted 1.00 |
| s7 | Its high X-ray luminosity makes it a strong candidate to host an intermediate mass black hole. | interpretation 1.00 | 0.47 | 0.05 | hedged possibility 0.78 |
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Original abstract
We report on six Chandra and one HST/WFC3 observation of CXO J122518.6+144545, discovered by Jonker et al. (2010) as a candidate hyperluminous X-ray source (HLX), X-ray bright supernova or recoiling supermassive black hole at $L_X = 2.2 \times 10^{41}$ erg/s (if associated with the galaxy at 182 Mpc). We detect a new outburst of the source in a Chandra image obtained on Nov 20, 2014 and show that the X-ray count rate varies by a factor $> 60$. New HST/WFC3 observations obtained in 2014 show that the optical counterpart is still visible at $g' = 27.1 \pm 0.1$, $1 \pm 0.1$ magnitude fainter than in the discovery HST/ACS observation from 2003. This optical variability strongly suggests that the optical and X-ray source are related. Furthermore, these properties strongly favour an HLX nature of the source over the alternative scenarios. We therefore conclude that CXO J122518.6+144545 is most likely an outbursting HLX. It is only the second such object to be discovered, after HLX-1 in ESO 243-49. Its high X-ray luminosity makes it a strong candidate to host an intermediate mass black hole.
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Notably, these peak luminosities would be in the order of $∼10^42$ similar to the peak luminosities of the transient class Hyper-Luminous X-ray sources [ref] .
Optical observations of candidate host galaxies of eight fast X-ray transients · Redshifts and energetics · 0.86
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