The Instanton-Dyon Liquid Model V: Twisted Light Quarks

Edward Shuryak; Ismail Zahed; Yizhuang Liu

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The Instanton-Dyon Liquid Model V: Twisted Light Quarks

Yizhuang Liu, Edward Shuryak, Ismail Zahed

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Submitted 9 Jun 2016

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim The low temperature phase is center symmetric but breaks spontaneously flavor symmetry with $N_f-1$ massless pions.

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What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.03 · states limitation 0.17 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.02 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.55 · compares with prior results 0.07 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

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arXiv listing abstract v1. Results and the main claim are underlined; show every role.

We discuss an extension of the instanton-dyon liquid model that includes twisted light quarks in the fundamental representation with explicit $Z_{N_c}$ symmetry for the case with equal number of colors $N_c$ and flavors $N_f$. We map the model on a 3-dimensional quantum effective theory, and analyze it in the mean-field approximation. The effective potential and the vacuum chiral condensates are made explicit for $N_f=N_c=2, 3$. The low temperature phase is center symmetric but breaks spontaneously flavor symmetry with $N_f-1$ massless pions. The high temperature phase breaks center symmetry but supports finite and unequal quark condensates.

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#	sentence	role	the authors' own work	states the main conclusion	strength
s0	We discuss an extension of the instanton-dyon liquid model that includes twisted light quarks in the fundamental representation with explicit $Z_{N_c}$ symmetry for the case with equal number of colors $N_c$ and flavors $N_f$.	contribution 0.99	0.86	0.09	asserted 0.91
s1	We map the model on a 3-dimensional quantum effective theory, and analyze it in the mean-field approximation.	method 0.98	0.93	0.04	asserted 0.96
s2	The effective potential and the vacuum chiral condensates are made explicit for $N_f=N_c=2, 3$.	contribution 0.68	0.93	0.09	asserted 1.00
s3	The low temperature phase is center symmetric but breaks spontaneously flavor symmetry with $N_f-1$ massless pions.	result 1.00	0.88	0.29	asserted 1.00
s4	The high temperature phase breaks center symmetry but supports finite and unequal quark condensates.	result 1.00	0.88	0.21	asserted 1.00

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: theoretical result 1.00 · evidence from proof or derivation 0.98.

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The paper

Original abstract

We discuss an extension of the instanton-dyon liquid model that includes twisted light quarks in the fundamental representation with explicit $Z_{N_c}$ symmetry for the case with equal number of colors $N_c$ and flavors $N_f$. We map the model on a 3-dimensional quantum effective theory, and analyze it in the mean-field approximation. The effective potential and the vacuum chiral condensates are made explicit for $N_f=N_c=2, 3$. The low temperature phase is center symmetric but breaks spontaneously flavor symmetry with $N_f-1$ massless pions. The high temperature phase breaks center symmetry but supports finite and unequal quark condensates.

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References

Forward citations

Cited by 2 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

Deconfinement on $\mathbb{Z}_{F}$ and Axion Domain Walls
hep-th 2026-10 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

In a center-stabilized compactification of QCD, probe particles of N-ality N/gcd(N,F) are deconfined on Z_F domain walls when gcd(N,F)>1, and the wall tensions differ from those in pure Yang-Mills.
Circle compactification and 't Hooft anomaly
hep-th 2017-10 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

A twisted-boundary-condition circle compactification preserves 't Hooft anomalies of ordinary symmetries, producing explicit anomalies for Z_N-twisted CP^{N-1} and Z_N-QCD.

How the literature uses it

10 arXiv papers cite this in 13 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers citing it · 6 sentences without a confident label

Cites it as background 7 papers

Thermodynamic ensembles of dyons were studied analytically [ref] via mean-field approximation, as well as numerically [ref] .

Towards a semi-classical description of QCD vacuum around $T_c$ · Introduction · 0.88
In this theory, the Polyakov loop is the true order parameter for center symmetry even fermions appear. $ℤ_3$-QCD is an interesting and instructive theory which is useful for understanding the deconfinement transition of QCD [ref] .

Roberge-Weiss transitions at different center symmetry breaking patterns in a $\mathbb{Z}_{3}$-QCD model · Introduction · 0.97
We will focus on a series of papers devoted to high-density phase and mean field approximation [ref] in section [ref], and on the direct numerical simulation of the dyon ensembles [ref] in section [ref].

Recent progress in understanding deconfinement and chiral restoration phase transitions · Introduction · 0.86

What it cites · 14 sentences without a confident label

Builds on 1 paper

This work is a continuation of our earlier studies [ref] of the gauge topology using the instanton-dyon liquid model.

Light Adjoint Quarks in the Instanton-Dyon Liquid Model IV · Introduction · 0.83

Uses the method or tool of 2 papers

As we noted earlier, we use it to regulate the infrared sensitivity of the ds-contributions in ([ref]) through a suitable redefinition of the fugacities $f_2,3$ as in [ref] .

Light Adjoint Quarks in the Instanton-Dyon Liquid Model IV · $N_c$=$N_f=3$ in general asymmetric phase · 0.87
Following [ref] the moduli determinants in ([ref]) can be fermionized using $2N_c$ pairs of ghost fields $χ_m,χ^†_m$ for the instanton-dyons and $2N_c$ for the instanton-anti-dyons.

Confining ensemble of dyons · SU($N_c$) ensemble · 0.99

Compares with 2 papers

A further comparison between the mean field results derived in this paper, with the direct simulations [ref] of the instanton-dyon model and lattice results [ref] , is obviously of great interest.

Lattice study on QCD-like theory with exact center symmetry · Conclusions · 0.84
A further comparison between the mean field results derived in this paper, with the direct simulations [ref] of the instanton-dyon model and lattice results [ref] , is obviously of great interest.

Instanton-dyon Ensembles III: Exotic Quark Flavors · Conclusions · 0.84

Cites as support 2 papers

The random hopping of these zero modes in the instanton-dyon liquid is at the origin of the spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry as has been shown both numerically [ref] and using mean-field methods [ref] .

The Chiral Symmetry Breaking/Restoration in Dyonic Vacuum · Introduction · 0.97
The random hopping of these zero modes in the instanton-dyon liquid is at the origin of the spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry as has been shown both numerically [ref] and using mean-field methods [ref] .

QCD Topology at Finite Temperature: Statistical Mechanics of Selfdual Dyons · Introduction · 0.97

Cites as background 7 papers

The starting point of the model are the KvBLL instantons threaded by finite holonomies and their splitting into instanton-dyon constituents [ref] , with strong semi-classical interactions [ref] .

Confining ensemble of dyons · Introduction · 0.83
The starting point of the model are the KvBLL instantons threaded by finite holonomies and their splitting into instanton-dyon constituents [ref] , with strong semi-classical interactions [ref] .

Classical interactions of the instanton-dyons with antidyons · Introduction · 0.83
A numerical analysis in the the instanton-dyon liquid model with $N_f=N_c=2$ was recently presented in [ref] .

Instanton-dyon Ensembles III: Exotic Quark Flavors · Introduction · 0.84

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