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Probing extra dimension through gravitational wave observations of compact binaries and their electromagnetic counterparts
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Submitted 12 Jul 2016
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim We show that for general cases the horizon radius of GW is longer than EMW within equal time.
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The abstract, sentence by sentence
The future gravitational wave (GW) observations of compact binaries and their possible electromagnetic counterparts may be used to probe the nature of the extra dimension. It is widely accepted that gravitons and photons are the only two completely confirmed objects that can travel along null geodesics in our four-dimensional space-time. However, if there exist extra dimensions and only GWs can propagate freely in the bulk, the causal propagations of GWs and electromagnetic waves (EMWs) are in general different. In this paper, we study null geodesics of GWs and EMWs in a five-dimensional anti-de Sitter space-time in the presence of the curvature of the universe. We show that for general cases the horizon radius of GW is longer than EMW within equal time. Taking the GW150914 event detected by the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory and the X-ray event detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor as an example, we study how the curvature $k$ and the constant curvature radius $l$ affect the horizon radii of GW and EMW in the de Sitter and Einstein-de Sitter models of the universe. This provides an alternative method for probing extra dimension through future GW observations of compact binaries and their electromagnetic counterparts.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | The future gravitational wave (GW) observations of compact binaries and their possible electromagnetic counterparts may be used to probe the nature of the extra dimension. | background 0.70 | 0.06 | 0.18 | hedged possibility 1.00 |
| s1 | It is widely accepted that gravitons and photons are the only two completely confirmed objects that can travel along null geodesics in our four-dimensional space-time. | background 1.00 | 0.03 | 0.02 | asserted 1.00 |
| s2 | However, if there exist extra dimensions and only GWs can propagate freely in the bulk, the causal propagations of GWs and electromagnetic waves (EMWs) are in general different. | background 0.89 | 0.05 | 0.05 | hedged possibility 0.61 |
| s3 | In this paper, we study null geodesics of GWs and EMWs in a five-dimensional anti-de Sitter space-time in the presence of the curvature of the universe. | contribution 0.66 | 0.85 | 0.03 | asserted 0.86 |
| s4 | We show that for general cases the horizon radius of GW is longer than EMW within equal time. | result 1.00 | 0.93 | 0.59 | asserted 1.00 |
| s5 | Taking the GW150914 event detected by the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory and the X-ray event detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor as an example, we study how the curvature $k$ and the constant curvature radius $l$ affect the horizon radii of GW and EMW in the de Sitter and Einstein-de Sitter models of the universe. | method 0.86 | 0.88 | 0.06 | asserted 0.86 |
| s6 | This provides an alternative method for probing extra dimension through future GW observations of compact binaries and their electromagnetic counterparts. | interpretation 0.94 | 0.40 | 0.54 | asserted 0.73 |
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The paper
Original abstract
The future gravitational wave (GW) observations of compact binaries and their possible electromagnetic counterparts may be used to probe the nature of the extra dimension. It is widely accepted that gravitons and photons are the only two completely confirmed objects that can travel along null geodesics in our four-dimensional space-time. However, if there exist extra dimensions and only GWs can propagate freely in the bulk, the causal propagations of GWs and electromagnetic waves (EMWs) are in general different. In this paper, we study null geodesics of GWs and EMWs in a five-dimensional anti-de Sitter space-time in the presence of the curvature of the universe. We show that for general cases the horizon radius of GW is longer than EMW within equal time. Taking the GW150914 event detected by the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory and the X-ray event detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor as an example, we study how the curvature $k$ and the constant curvature radius $l$ affect the horizon radii of GW and EMW in the de Sitter and Einstein-de Sitter models of the universe. This provides an alternative method for probing extra dimension through future GW observations of compact binaries and their electromagnetic counterparts.
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References
How the literature uses it
24 arXiv papers cite this in 45 sentences
Papers citing it · 31 sentences without a confident label
Uses its method or tool 1 paper
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To solve this problem, we would use the method introduced in Refs. [ref] in the next section.
Constraint on the radius of five-dimensional dS spacetime with GW170817 and GRB 170817A · Horizon radius · 1.00
Compares with it 1 paper
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One can check that the estimated $M̃_*^(5)$ is consistent with the constraint ($M̃_*^(5)≳10^-3_ TeV$) given by Refs. [ref] .
Limiting the Number of Extra Dimensions with Shortcuts · Limits · 0.92
Cites it as background 12 papers
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Recently, a five-dimensional theory with static spherically symmetric anti–de Sitter (AdS) spacetime was studied in Refs. [ref] .
Constraint on the radius of five-dimensional dS spacetime with GW170817 and GRB 170817A · Introduction · 0.95
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One paradigm of large extra dimensions is the Randall-Sundrum model, with a 3-brane curving the 5d spacetime around it until it looks like a slab of Anti-de Sitter space [ref] [Other applications of gravitational waves in Randall-Sundrum model have been studied e.g. in [ref] .].
Gravitational wave energy-momentum tensor and radiated power in a strongly curved background · Introduction · 0.98
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Taking advantage of this, several researches, including brane cosmology [ref] , AdS/CFT [ref] , shortcuts [ref] , etc., have been conducted from the “bulk-based” perspective.
Generalized approach for the perturbative dynamical braneworld in $D$ dimensions · Introduction · 0.89
What it cites · 42 sentences without a confident label
Builds on 1 paper
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We make our study on the foundation of Ref. [ref] and take the constant curvature $k$ into account.
Shortcuts in the fifth dimension · Introduction · 0.96
Uses the method or tool of 2 papers
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Referring to the methodologies in Refs. [ref] , one can introduce a spherical coordinate system $(r, θ, ϕ)$ on the brane and consider one point A on the brane as the origin of coordinates (see Fig. [ref]).
Shortcuts in the fifth dimension · Null geodesics in five-dimensional AdS space-time · 1.00
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Referring to the methodologies in Refs. [ref] , one can introduce a spherical coordinate system $(r, θ, ϕ)$ on the brane and consider one point A on the brane as the origin of coordinates (see Fig. [ref]).
Global structure of exact cosmological solutions in the brane world · Null geodesics in five-dimensional AdS space-time · 1.00
Uses data or values from 2 papers
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According to Ref. [ref] , the source of the GW signal lies at a luminosity distance of $410^+160_-180$ Mpc, which corresponds to a redshift $z=0.09^+0.03_-0.04$.
Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger · De Sitter model · 1.00
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Coincidentally, the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) detected an electromagnetic counterpart after LIGO detected the GW signal, which lasted for about 1 s and appeared about 0.4 s after the GW signal [ref] .
Fermi GBM Observations of LIGO Gravitational Wave event GW150914 · Introduction · 0.94
Compares with 1 paper
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From table [ref], we see that when the range of values for redshift $z$ is 0.01 to 2, the bound of the curvature density $Ω_k$ is more rigorous than the observations given in Ref. [ref] , $Ω_k<0.005$.
Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters · De Sitter model · 0.85
Cites as background 37 papers
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The general Schwarzschild-anti-de Sitter metric ansatz we will study is [equation] where $dΣ_k^2$ is a metric on a locally homogeneous three-dimensional surface of constant curvature $k$ ($k=+1$, $k=0$, and $k=-1$ correspond to three-dimensional sphere, flat, and hyperboloid, respectively) [ref] .
Black holes with unusual topology · Null geodesics in five-dimensional AdS space-time · 0.87
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The general Schwarzschild-anti-de Sitter metric ansatz we will study is [equation] where $dΣ_k^2$ is a metric on a locally homogeneous three-dimensional surface of constant curvature $k$ ($k=+1$, $k=0$, and $k=-1$ correspond to three-dimensional sphere, flat, and hyperboloid, respectively) [ref] .
Topological Black Holes in Anti-de Sitter Space · Null geodesics in five-dimensional AdS space-time · 0.87
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The general Schwarzschild-anti-de Sitter metric ansatz we will study is [equation] where $dΣ_k^2$ is a metric on a locally homogeneous three-dimensional surface of constant curvature $k$ ($k=+1$, $k=0$, and $k=-1$ correspond to three-dimensional sphere, flat, and hyperboloid, respectively) [ref] .
Thermodynamics of (3+1)-dimensional black holes with toroidal or higher genus horizons · Null geodesics in five-dimensional AdS space-time · 0.87
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