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New ALMA constraints on the star-forming ISM at low metallicity: A 50 pc view of the blue compact dwarf galaxy SBS0335-052
Astrophysics of Galaxies · Submitted 27 Feb 2017
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim Both line and continuum results suggest the presence of a large cold gas reservoir unseen in CO even with ALMA.
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The abstract, sentence by sentence
Properties of the cold interstellar medium of low-metallicity galaxies are not well-known due to the faintness and extremely small scale on which emission is expected. We present deep ALMA band 6 (230GHz) observations of the nearby, low-metallicity (12 + log(O/H) = 7.25) blue compact dwarf galaxy SBS0335-052 at an unprecedented resolution of 0.2 arcsec (52 pc). The 12CO J=2-1 line is not detected and we report a 3-sigma upper limit of LCO(2-1) = 3.6x10^4 K km/s pc^2. Assuming that molecular gas is converted into stars with a given depletion time, ranging from 0.02 to 2 Gyr, we find lower limits on the CO-to-H2 conversion factor alpha_CO in the range 10^2-10^4 Msun pc^-2 (K km/s)^-1. The continuum emission is detected and resolved over the two main super star clusters. Re-analysis of the IR-radio spectral energy distribution suggests that the mm-fluxes are not only free-free emission but are most likely also associated with a cold dust component coincident with the position of the brightest cluster. With standard dust properties, we estimate its mass to be as large as 10^5 Msun. Both line and continuum results suggest the presence of a large cold gas reservoir unseen in CO even with ALMA.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | Properties of the cold interstellar medium of low-metallicity galaxies are not well-known due to the faintness and extremely small scale on which emission is expected. | gap 0.78 | 0.04 | 0.03 | asserted 1.00 |
| s1 | We present deep ALMA band 6 (230GHz) observations of the nearby, low-metallicity (12 + log(O/H) = 7.25) blue compact dwarf galaxy SBS0335-052 at an unprecedented resolution of 0.2 arcsec (52 pc). | contribution 0.80 | 0.97 | 0.05 | asserted 1.00 |
| s2 | The 12CO J=2-1 line is not detected and we report a 3-sigma upper limit of LCO(2-1) = 3.6x10^4 K km/s pc^2. | result 1.00 | 0.97 | 0.09 | asserted 1.00 |
| s3 | Assuming that molecular gas is converted into stars with a given depletion time, ranging from 0.02 to 2 Gyr, we find lower limits on the CO-to-H2 conversion factor alpha_CO in the range 10^2-10^4 Msun pc^-2 (K km/s)^-1. | result 0.94 | 0.96 | 0.20 | asserted 0.99 |
| s4 | The continuum emission is detected and resolved over the two main super star clusters. | result 1.00 | 0.94 | 0.05 | asserted 1.00 |
| s5 | Re-analysis of the IR-radio spectral energy distribution suggests that the mm-fluxes are not only free-free emission but are most likely also associated with a cold dust component coincident with the position of the brightest cluster. | interpretation 0.78 | 0.85 | 0.11 | hedged possibility 0.99 |
| s6 | With standard dust properties, we estimate its mass to be as large as 10^5 Msun. | result 0.99 | 0.92 | 0.07 | asserted 0.65 |
| s7 | Both line and continuum results suggest the presence of a large cold gas reservoir unseen in CO even with ALMA. | interpretation 0.99 | 0.86 | 0.69 | hedged possibility 0.99 |
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Original abstract
Properties of the cold interstellar medium of low-metallicity galaxies are not well-known due to the faintness and extremely small scale on which emission is expected. We present deep ALMA band 6 (230GHz) observations of the nearby, low-metallicity (12 + log(O/H) = 7.25) blue compact dwarf galaxy SBS0335-052 at an unprecedented resolution of 0.2 arcsec (52 pc). The 12CO J=2-1 line is not detected and we report a 3-sigma upper limit of LCO(2-1) = 3.6x10^4 K km/s pc^2. Assuming that molecular gas is converted into stars with a given depletion time, ranging from 0.02 to 2 Gyr, we find lower limits on the CO-to-H2 conversion factor alpha_CO in the range 10^2-10^4 Msun pc^-2 (K km/s)^-1. The continuum emission is detected and resolved over the two main super star clusters. Re-analysis of the IR-radio spectral energy distribution suggests that the mm-fluxes are not only free-free emission but are most likely also associated with a cold dust component coincident with the position of the brightest cluster. With standard dust properties, we estimate its mass to be as large as 10^5 Msun. Both line and continuum results suggest the presence of a large cold gas reservoir unseen in CO even with ALMA.
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Recent efforts with ground-based telescopes have tried to detect the cold gas reservoirs through carbon monoxide (CO) in nearby low-metallicity galaxies [ref] .
Dense cloud cores revealed by CO in the low metallicity dwarf galaxy WLM · Introduction · 0.99
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