RECORD
Note on gauge and gravitational anomalies of discrete $Z_N$ symmetries
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Submitted 12 Jul 2017
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim In this note, we discuss the consistency conditions which a discrete $Z_N$ symmetry should satisfy in order that it is not violated by gauge and gravitational instantons.
The compiled record
The paper's own sentences, arranged. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.
Open the compiled record
The abstract, sentence by sentence
In this note, we discuss the consistency conditions which a discrete $Z_N$ symmetry should satisfy in order that it is not violated by gauge and gravitational instantons. As examples, we enlist all the $Z_N$ ${\cal R}$-symmetries as well as non-${\cal R}$ $Z_N$ symmetries (N=2,3,4) in the minimally supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) that are free from gauge and gravitational anomalies. We show that there exists non-anomalous discrete symmetries that forbid Baryon number violation up to dimension 6 level (in superspace). We also observe that there exists no non-anomalous $Z_3$ ${\cal R}$-symmetry in the MSSM. Furthermore, we point out that in a theory with one Majorana spin 3/2 gravitino, a large class of $Z_4$ ${\cal R}$-symmetries are violated in the presence of Eguchi-Hanson (EH) gravitational instanton. This is also in general true for higher $Z_N$ ${\cal R}$-symmetries. We also notice that in 4 dimensional ${\cal N}=1$ supergravity, the global $U(1)$ ${\cal R}$-symmetry is always violated by the EH instanton irrespective of the matter content of the theory.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | In this note, we discuss the consistency conditions which a discrete $Z_N$ symmetry should satisfy in order that it is not violated by gauge and gravitational instantons. | contribution 0.82 | 0.77 | 0.09 | asserted 0.68 |
| s1 | As examples, we enlist all the $Z_N$ ${\cal R}$-symmetries as well as non-${\cal R}$ $Z_N$ symmetries (N=2,3,4) in the minimally supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) that are free from gauge and gravitational anomalies. | contribution 0.85 | 0.90 | 0.09 | asserted 0.99 |
| s2 | We show that there exists non-anomalous discrete symmetries that forbid Baryon number violation up to dimension 6 level (in superspace). | result 1.00 | 0.90 | 0.25 | asserted 1.00 |
| s3 | We also observe that there exists no non-anomalous $Z_3$ ${\cal R}$-symmetry in the MSSM. | result 1.00 | 0.89 | 0.09 | asserted 1.00 |
| s4 | Furthermore, we point out that in a theory with one Majorana spin 3/2 gravitino, a large class of $Z_4$ ${\cal R}$-symmetries are violated in the presence of Eguchi-Hanson (EH) gravitational instanton. | result 1.00 | 0.83 | 0.12 | asserted 0.98 |
| s5 | This is also in general true for higher $Z_N$ ${\cal R}$-symmetries. | result 0.88 | 0.76 | 0.09 | asserted 0.96 |
| s6 | We also notice that in 4 dimensional ${\cal N}=1$ supergravity, the global $U(1)$ ${\cal R}$-symmetry is always violated by the EH instanton irrespective of the matter content of the theory. | result 1.00 | 0.75 | 0.16 | asserted 1.00 |
What was examined, and what was not
- arXiv listing abstract v3
- full text
- figures and tables
- references and citing sentences
- relations to other papers
- P abstract
- S sections
- T body sentences
- C citations
- R cross-paper relations
The paper
Original abstract
In this note, we discuss the consistency conditions which a discrete $Z_N$ symmetry should satisfy in order that it is not violated by gauge and gravitational instantons. As examples, we enlist all the $Z_N$ ${\cal R}$-symmetries as well as non-${\cal R}$ $Z_N$ symmetries (N=2,3,4) in the minimally supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) that are free from gauge and gravitational anomalies. We show that there exists non-anomalous discrete symmetries that forbid Baryon number violation up to dimension 6 level (in superspace). We also observe that there exists no non-anomalous $Z_3$ ${\cal R}$-symmetry in the MSSM. Furthermore, we point out that in a theory with one Majorana spin 3/2 gravitino, a large class of $Z_4$ ${\cal R}$-symmetries are violated in the presence of Eguchi-Hanson (EH) gravitational instanton. This is also in general true for higher $Z_N$ ${\cal R}$-symmetries. We also notice that in 4 dimensional ${\cal N}=1$ supergravity, the global $U(1)$ ${\cal R}$-symmetry is always violated by the EH instanton irrespective of the matter content of the theory.
Human review
How the literature uses it
5 arXiv papers cite this in 5 sentences
Papers citing it · 4 sentences without a confident label
Cites it as support 1 paper
-
Remarkably, recently Ref. [ref] also emphasize that the discrete $𝐁 + 𝐋$ can avoid the proton decay.
Proton Stability: From the Standard Model to Beyond Grand Unification · Introduction and Summary · 0.98
What it cites · 4 sentences without a confident label
Cites as background 20 papers
-
The criteria for discrete symmetries to be non-anomalous were first studied in [ref] (for later studies, see [ref] ).
(Non-)Abelian discrete anomalies · Introduction · 0.96
-
The criteria for discrete symmetries to be non-anomalous were first studied in [ref] (for later studies, see [ref] ).
A unique Z_4^R symmetry for the MSSM · Introduction · 0.96
-
The criteria for discrete symmetries to be non-anomalous were first studied in [ref] (for later studies, see [ref] ).
Discrete R symmetries for the MSSM and its singlet extensions · Introduction · 0.96
Discussion
Know something about this paper? Leave a comment, or highlight any passage above to comment on it.