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Directed, elliptic and triangular flow of protons in Au+Au reactions at 1.23 AGeV: A theoretical analysis of the recent HADES data
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abstract
Recently, the HADES experiment at GSI has provided preliminary data on the directed flow, $v_1$ elliptic flow, $v_2$ and triangular flow, $v_3$ of protons in Au+Au reactions at a beam energy of 1.23 A GeV. Here we present a theoretical discussion of these flow harmonics within the UrQMD transport approach. We show that all flow harmonics, including the triangular flow, provide a consistent picture of the expansion of the system, if potential interactions are taken into account. Investigating the dependence of the flow harmonics on the nuclear interaction potentials it is shown that especially $v_3$ can serve as a sensitive probe for the nuclear equation of state at such low energies. The triangular flow and its excitation function with respect to the reaction-plane were calculated for the first time and indicate a complex interplay of the time-evolution of the system and the initial conditions at low beam-energies. Our study also indicates a significant softening of the equation of state at beam energies above $E_{\mathrm{lab}}> 7$A GeV which can be explored by at the future FAIR facility.
Forward citations
Cited by 3 Pith papers
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Untangling the interplay of the Equation-of-State and the Collision Term towards the generation of Directed and Elliptic Flow at intermediate energies
In UrQMD simulations of Au+Au at SIS18/SIS100 energies, the final midrapidity elliptic flow is generated late by the mean-field potential during the breakup of a matter bridge, not by early squeeze-out or spectator shadowing.
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Directed and elliptic flow of light nuclei and hypernuclei in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}=3$ GeV: Coalescence vs. Statistical Fragmentation
In UrQMD, both coalescence and statistical fragmentation give mass-number scaling of directed flow for (hyper)nuclei at 3 GeV that matches STAR, while elliptic flow scaling is not seen in the data.
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Toward a Unified Understanding of the Dense Matter Equation of State
A review of three Bayesian/computational frameworks for combining heavy-ion and astrophysical constraints on the dense-matter equation of state, plus a proposed unified integration workflow.
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