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Pulsars probe the low-frequency gravitational sky: Pulsar Timing Arrays basics and recent results

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Paper breakdownThe authors' claims, conditions and measurements, as JSON Signed receiptProof this review has not been altered
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Caterina Tiburzi

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Submitted 14 Feb 2018

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim No detection of gravitational waves has been made to date with this technique, but PTA upper limits already contributed to rule out some models of galaxy formation.

how it is stated · asserted 1.00 read the record →

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arXiv ID1802.05076 (version 1)
Pith IDQL2LLVUH, Pith's permanent record of this paper and its review
CitationCaterina Tiburzi. "Pulsars probe the low-frequency gravitational sky: Pulsar Timing Arrays basics and recent results." arXiv:1802.05076 (2018). https://pith.science/paper/QL2LLVUH
Claim paper

The compiled record

The paper's own sentences, arranged. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

Open the compiled record

Compiled by classifier-1.13.0 via TypeSafe API, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 4,945 input tokens.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.02 · states limitation 0.20 · human participants 0.03 · controlled comparison 0.03 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.10 · compares with prior results 0.18 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v1. Results and the main claim are underlined; .

Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) experiments exploit the clock-like behaviour of an array of millisecond pulsars, with the goal of detecting low-frequency gravitational waves. PTA experiments have been in operation over the last decade, led by groups in Europe, Australia, and North America. These experiments use the most sensitive radio telescopes in the world, extremely precise pulsar timing models and sophisticated detection algorithms to increase the sensitivity of PTAs. No detection of gravitational waves has been made to date with this technique, but PTA upper limits already contributed to rule out some models of galaxy formation. Moreover, a new generation of radio telescopes, such as the Five hundred metre Aperture Spherical Telescope and, in particular, the Square Kilometre Array, will offer a significant improvement to the PTA sensitivity. In this article, we review the basic concepts of PTA experiments, and discuss the latest results from the established PTA collaborations.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#sentencerolethe authors' own workstates the main conclusionstrength
s0 Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) experiments exploit the clock-like behaviour of an array of millisecond pulsars, with the goal of detecting low-frequency gravitational waves. background 0.90 0.05 0.08 asserted 1.00
s1 PTA experiments have been in operation over the last decade, led by groups in Europe, Australia, and North America. background 1.00 0.06 0.03 asserted 1.00
s2 These experiments use the most sensitive radio telescopes in the world, extremely precise pulsar timing models and sophisticated detection algorithms to increase the sensitivity of PTAs. method 0.81 0.05 0.04 asserted 1.00
s3 No detection of gravitational waves has been made to date with this technique, but PTA upper limits already contributed to rule out some models of galaxy formation. background 0.54 0.09 0.22 asserted 1.00
s4 Moreover, a new generation of radio telescopes, such as the Five hundred metre Aperture Spherical Telescope and, in particular, the Square Kilometre Array, will offer a significant improvement to the PTA sensitivity. future work 0.69 0.06 0.07 hedged possibility 0.56
s5 In this article, we review the basic concepts of PTA experiments, and discuss the latest results from the established PTA collaborations. contribution 1.00 0.26 0.10 asserted 0.86

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: review 1.00 · evidence from literature 0.98.

What was examined, and what was not

sources read
  • arXiv listing abstract v1
not examined
  • full text
  • figures and tables
  • references and citing sentences
  • relations to other papers
levels run
  • P abstract
not run
  • S sections
  • T body sentences
  • C citations
  • R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper
Original abstract

Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) experiments exploit the clock-like behaviour of an array of millisecond pulsars, with the goal of detecting low-frequency gravitational waves. PTA experiments have been in operation over the last decade, led by groups in Europe, Australia, and North America. These experiments use the most sensitive radio telescopes in the world, extremely precise pulsar timing models and sophisticated detection algorithms to increase the sensitivity of PTAs. No detection of gravitational waves has been made to date with this technique, but PTA upper limits already contributed to rule out some models of galaxy formation. Moreover, a new generation of radio telescopes, such as the Five hundred metre Aperture Spherical Telescope and, in particular, the Square Kilometre Array, will offer a significant improvement to the PTA sensitivity. In this article, we review the basic concepts of PTA experiments, and discuss the latest results from the established PTA collaborations.

Human review

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References
How the literature uses it

10 arXiv papers cite this in 11 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers whose main result relates to this one's

Found among the papers closest to this one by title and main claim. Pith's classifier compared each pair's main results and a second model family confirmed the relation; checked against two further families, shown conflicts agreed 118 times in 120 and shown same results 218 times in 239. The quoted sentence is the other paper's main claim.

States a conflicting result 1 paper
  • Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) have recently found strong evidence for low-frequency gravitational waves (GWs) in the nanohertz frequency regime.

    Pulsar Timing Arrays · 0.92

Papers citing it · 6 sentences without a confident label

Cites it as background 5 papers

What it cites · 3 sentences without a confident label

Cites as background 3 papers
  • eLISA [ref] is a project of the European Space Agency to deploy a $3-$body, space-based interferometer with arms $2.5$ million kilometres long, that will probe the GW spectrum in a frequency range from $10^-1$ down to $10^-5$ Hz.

    The Gravitational Universe · Searching for GWs with interferometers · 0.90

  • eLISA [ref] is a project of the European Space Agency to deploy a $3-$body, space-based interferometer with arms $2.5$ million kilometres long, that will probe the GW spectrum in a frequency range from $10^-1$ down to $10^-5$ Hz.

    Laser Interferometer Space Antenna · Searching for GWs with interferometers · 0.90

  • MeerTIME is an approved proposal dedicated to pulsar timing, that will use the MeerKAT telescope (South Africa, [ref] ).

    MeerKAT Key Project Science, Specifications, and Proposals · New PTA collaborations · 0.82

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