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HI 21cm Cosmology and the Bi-spectrum: Closure Diagnostics in Massively Redundant Interferometric Arrays

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arxiv 1805.00953 v1 pith:PHHV2DNJ submitted 2018-05-02 astro-ph.IM

HI 21cm Cosmology and the Bi-spectrum: Closure Diagnostics in Massively Redundant Interferometric Arrays

C.L. Carilli (1 , 2) , Bojan Nikolic (2) , Nithyanandan Thyagarajan (1 , 3) , K. Gale-Sides (2) , Zara Abdurashidova (5) , James E. Aguirre (4)
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Paul Alexander (2) Zaki S. Ali (5) Yanga Balfour (13) Adam P. Beardsley (3) Gianni Bernardi (11 12) Judd D. Bowman (3) Richard F. Bradley (10) Jacob Burba (6) Carina Cheng (5) David R. DeBoer (5) Matt Dexter (5) Eloy de~Lera~Acedo (2) Joshua S. Dillon (5) Aaron Ewall-Wice (9) Gcobisa Fadana (13) Nicolas Fagnoni (2) Randall Fritz (13) Steve R. Furlanetto (7) Abhik Ghosh (13) Brian Glendenning (1) Bradley Greig (12) Jasper Grobbelaar (13) Ziyaad Halday (13) Bryna J. Hazelton (14 15) Jacqueline N. Hewitt (9) Jack Hickish (5) Daniel C. Jacobs (3) Austin Julius (13) MacCalvin Kariseb (13) Saul A. Kohn (4) Mathew Kolopanis (3) Telalo Lekalake (13) Adrian Liu (5) Anita Loots (13) David MacMahon (5) Lourence Malan (13) Cresshim Malgas (13) Matthys Maree (13) Zachary Martinot (4) Eunice Matsetela (13) Andrei Mesinger (12) Mathakane Molewa (13) Miguel F. Morales (14) Abraham R. Neben (9) Aaron R. Parsons (5) Nipanjana Patra (5) Samantha Pieterse (13) Paul La Plante (4) Jonathan C. Pober (6) Nima Razavi-Ghods (2) Jon Ringuette (14) James Robnett (1) Kathryn Rosie (13) Raddwine Sell (13) Peter Sims (6) Craig Smith (13) Angelo Syce (13) Peter K.~G. Williams (8) Haoxuan Zheng (9) ((1) National Radio Astronomy Observatory P. O. Box 0 Socorro NM 87801 USA (2) Astrophysics Group Cavendish Laboratory JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK (3) Arizona State University School of Earth Space Exploration Tempe AZ USA (4) Department of Physics Astronomy University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA (5) Department of Astronomy University of California Berkeley CA USA (6) Physics Department Brown University Providence RI (7) Department of Physics Los Angeles CA (8) Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Cambridge MA (9) Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology MA (10) National Radio Astronomy Observatory Charlottesville VA (11) Department of Physics Electronics Rhodes University Grahamstown South Africa (12) Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa Italy (13) SKA-SA Cape Town South Africa (14) Department of Physics University of Washington Seattle WA (15) eScience Institute WA)
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keywords closurephasespectraredundantarrayinvestigateredundancyabsolute
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New massively redundant low frequency arrays allow for a novel investigation of closure relations in interferometry. We employ commissioning data from the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array to investigate closure quantities in this densely packed grid array of 14m antennas operating at 100 MHz to 200 MHz. We investigate techniques that utilize closure phase spectra for redundant triads to estimate departures from redundancy for redundant baseline visibilities. We find a median absolute deviation from redundancy in closure phase across the observed frequency range of about 4.5deg. This value translates into a non-redundancy per visibility phase of about 2.6deg, using prototype electronics. The median absolute deviations from redundancy decrease with longer baselines. We show that closure phase spectra can be used to identify ill-behaved antennas in the array, independent of calibration. We investigate the temporal behavior of closure spectra. The Allan variance increases after a one minute stride time, due to passage of the sky through the primary beam of the transit telescope. However, the closure spectra repeat to well within the noise per measurement at corresponding local sidereal times (LST) from day to day. In future papers in this series we will develop the technique of using closure phase spectra in the search for the HI 21cm signal from cosmic reionization.

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