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Gaps and Rings in an ALMA Survey of Disks in the Taurus Star-forming Region

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arxiv 1810.06044 v1 pith:ED4EU6VX submitted 2018-10-14 astro-ph.SR astro-ph.EPastro-ph.GA

classification astro-ph.SRastro-ph.EPastro-ph.GA
keywords ringsgapsdisksdiskalmadustlocationssubstructures
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

Rings are the most frequently revealed substructure in ALMA dust observations of protoplanetary disks, but their origin is still hotly debated. In this paper, we identify dust substructures in 12 disks and measure their properties to investigate how they form. This subsample of disks is selected from a high-resolution ($\sim0.12''$) ALMA 1.33 mm survey of 32 disks in the Taurus star-forming region, which was designed to cover a wide range of sub-mm brightness and to be unbiased to previously known substructures. While axisymmetric rings and gaps are common within our sample, spiral patterns and high contrast azimuthal asymmetries are not detected. Fits of disk models to the visibilities lead to estimates of the location and shape of gaps and rings, the flux in each disk component, and the size of the disk. The dust substructures occur across a wide range of stellar mass and disk brightness. Disks with multiple rings tend to be more massive and more extended. The correlation between gap locations and widths, the intensity contrast between rings and gaps, and the separations of rings and gaps could all be explained if most gaps are opened by low-mass planets (super-Earths and Neptunes) in the condition of low disk turbulence ($\alpha=10^{-4}$). The gap locations are not well correlated with the expected locations of CO and N$_2$ ice lines, so condensation fronts are unlikely to be a universal mechanism to create gaps and rings, though they may play a role in some cases.

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Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. From Young to Older Disks: JWST/MIRI Evidence for Fading Molecular Emission and Hints for Elevated C/O in Upper Scorpius

    astro-ph.EP 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

    Older Upper Scorpius disks show reduced molecular emission and hints of higher inner-gas C/O ratios than young disks, indicating chemical evolution consistent with pebble drift.

  2. JWST Edge-on Disk Ice (JEDIce): Vibrationally hot, rotationally cold H$_2$ in the outer disk of Oph 163131 non-thermally excited by UV and cosmic rays

    astro-ph.SR 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.5 of 10

    Outer-disk H2 in Oph 163131 is v-hot and J-cold from combined UV and cosmic-ray excitation plus collisions, implying an effective CR ionization rate of order 10^{-15} s^{-1}.

  3. SMA 200-400 GHz Survey for 10 faint Class II Disks in the Taurus Molecular Cloud

    astro-ph.EP 2026-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Faint Class II disks in Taurus show the same 198-358 GHz spectral index distribution as brighter disks, suggesting they too are optically thick at submillimeter wavelengths.

  4. Preferential alignment of Class 0, Class I protostellar disks in multiple systems across nine nearby molecular clouds

    astro-ph.SR 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Disks around young stars in binary and higher-order multiple systems are preferentially aligned out to 6000 AU, implying turbulent fragmentation alone cannot explain how most multiples form.

  5. Formation of multiple dust rings and gaps in protoplanetary discs by a single migrating planet II: radiative discs and observational signatures

    astro-ph.EP 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.5 of 10

    One migrating planet produces multiple observable dust rings and gaps lasting ≥400 kyr; cooling controls jump number but not structure lifetime.

  6. Extending dynamical mass measurements: probing GI as a possible origin of mm-dust spirals

    astro-ph.EP 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Dynamical rotation-curve fits give M_disk ≈ 0.30 M_sun for HD 97048 and ≈ 0.21 M_sun for WaOph 6, and indicate disks with mm-dust spirals have systematically lower Toomre Q.

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