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Stochastic thermodynamics of nonharmonic oscillators in high vacuum
Statistical Mechanics · Submitted 6 Nov 2018
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim It is shown that the nonequilibrium probability density function for the system's energy is a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution (as in equilibrium) with a closed form time dependent effective temperature and fractional degrees of freedom.
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We perform an analytic study on the stochastic thermodynamics of a small classical particle trapped in a time dependent single-well potential in the highly underdamped limit. It is shown that the nonequilibrium probability density function for the system's energy is a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution (as in equilibrium) with a closed form time dependent effective temperature and fractional degrees of freedom. We also find that the solvable model satisfies the Crooks fluctuation theorem, as it is expected. Moreover, we compute the average work in this isothermal process and characterize analytically the optimal protocol for minimum work. The optimal protocol presents an initial and a final jumps which correspond to adiabatic processes linked by a smooth exponential time dependent part for all kinds of single-well potentials. Furthermore, we argue that this result connects two distinct relevant experimental setups for trapped nano-particles: the levitated particle in a harmonic trap, and the free particle in a box; as they are limiting cases of the general single-well potential and display the time-dependent optimal protocols. Finally, we highlight the connection between our system and an equivalent model of a gas of Brownian particles.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | We perform an analytic study on the stochastic thermodynamics of a small classical particle trapped in a time dependent single-well potential in the highly underdamped limit. | contribution 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.06 | asserted 0.92 |
| s1 | It is shown that the nonequilibrium probability density function for the system's energy is a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution (as in equilibrium) with a closed form time dependent effective temperature and fractional degrees of freedom. | result 1.00 | 0.90 | 0.49 | asserted 1.00 |
| s2 | We also find that the solvable model satisfies the Crooks fluctuation theorem, as it is expected. | result 0.98 | 0.85 | 0.10 | asserted 0.99 |
| s3 | Moreover, we compute the average work in this isothermal process and characterize analytically the optimal protocol for minimum work. | result 0.61 | 0.97 | 0.14 | asserted 1.00 |
| s4 | The optimal protocol presents an initial and a final jumps which correspond to adiabatic processes linked by a smooth exponential time dependent part for all kinds of single-well potentials. | result 0.99 | 0.94 | 0.27 | asserted 1.00 |
| s5 | Furthermore, we argue that this result connects two distinct relevant experimental setups for trapped nano-particles: the levitated particle in a harmonic trap, and the free particle in a box; as they are limiting cases of the general single-well potential and display the time-dependent optimal protocols. | interpretation 0.99 | 0.84 | 0.23 | asserted 0.57 |
| s6 | Finally, we highlight the connection between our system and an equivalent model of a gas of Brownian particles. | interpretation 0.97 | 0.76 | 0.10 | asserted 0.79 |
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Original abstract
We perform an analytic study on the stochastic thermodynamics of a small classical particle trapped in a time dependent single-well potential in the highly underdamped limit. It is shown that the nonequilibrium probability density function for the system's energy is a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution (as in equilibrium) with a closed form time dependent effective temperature and fractional degrees of freedom. We also find that the solvable model satisfies the Crooks fluctuation theorem, as it is expected. Moreover, we compute the average work in this isothermal process and characterize analytically the optimal protocol for minimum work. The optimal protocol presents an initial and a final jumps which correspond to adiabatic processes linked by a smooth exponential time dependent part for all kinds of single-well potentials. Furthermore, we argue that this result connects two distinct relevant experimental setups for trapped nano-particles: the levitated particle in a harmonic trap, and the free particle in a box; as they are limiting cases of the general single-well potential and display the time-dependent optimal protocols. Finally, we highlight the connection between our system and an equivalent model of a gas of Brownian particles.
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Our result, which is of special experimental interest [ref] , generalizes previous results limited to the harmonic case ($n=1$) [ref] and the particle in a box ($n→∞$) [ref] , as well as consider finite time processes in the presence of damping, expanding previous analysis of single-well potentials [ref] .
Energetics of the single-well undamped stochastic oscillators · Introduction · 0.97
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