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Characterizing the Atmospheres of Irradiated Exoplanets at High Spectral Resolution
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Submitted 21 Mar 2019
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim This survey would enable the first statistical study of atmospheric circulation in extrasolar giant planets, and would provide detections of trace gases and measurements of atmospheric escape in small-planet atmospheres, far exceeding the reach of \textit{JWST}.
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The best-characterized exoplanets to date are planets on close-in transiting orbits around their host stars. The high level of irradiation and transiting geometry of these objects make them ideal targets for atmospheric investigations. However, the modest apertures of many current telescopes allow mostly low resolution spectra to be observed for transiting planets, failing to extract key physical and chemical properties of their atmospheres. Ground-based 30-meter class telescopes will set the stage for a substantial leap in our understanding of exoplanet atmospheres. We outline a two-pronged survey, recently submitted as a Key Science Project (KSP) for the US ELTs, which would yield unprecedented insight into the atmospheres of close-in exoplanets via combined observations with the GMT and TMT. (1) The first opportunity involves measuring the global-scale atmospheric circulation and planetary rotation for a sample of 40 hot Jupiters to glean insight into the unique radiative forcing regime governing highly-irradiated, tidally-locked giant planets. (2) The second opportunity involves measuring atmospheric mass-loss and extracting atmospheric composition and abundance ratio information for $\sim60$ sub-Neptunes and super-Earths (including candidate disintegrating planets) to constrain their formation and evolution histories. These efforts would be made possible by the unparalleled combination of high spectral resolution instrumentation and large aperture size of the ELTs. This survey would enable the first statistical study of atmospheric circulation in extrasolar giant planets, and would provide detections of trace gases and measurements of atmospheric escape in small-planet atmospheres, far exceeding the reach of \textit{JWST}.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | The best-characterized exoplanets to date are planets on close-in transiting orbits around their host stars. | background 1.00 | 0.06 | 0.03 | asserted 1.00 |
| s1 | The high level of irradiation and transiting geometry of these objects make them ideal targets for atmospheric investigations. | background 1.00 | 0.05 | 0.03 | asserted 1.00 |
| s2 | However, the modest apertures of many current telescopes allow mostly low resolution spectra to be observed for transiting planets, failing to extract key physical and chemical properties of their atmospheres. | gap 0.61 | 0.07 | 0.03 | asserted 0.98 |
| s3 | Ground-based 30-meter class telescopes will set the stage for a substantial leap in our understanding of exoplanet atmospheres. | background 0.82 | 0.06 | 0.10 | asserted 0.84 |
| s4 | We outline a two-pronged survey, recently submitted as a Key Science Project (KSP) for the US ELTs, which would yield unprecedented insight into the atmospheres of close-in exoplanets via combined observations with the GMT and TMT. | contribution 0.81 | 0.80 | 0.15 | asserted 0.75 |
| s5 | (1) The first opportunity involves measuring the global-scale atmospheric circulation and planetary rotation for a sample of 40 hot Jupiters to glean insight into the unique radiative forcing regime governing highly-irradiated, tidally-locked giant planets. | contribution 0.59 | 0.10 | 0.09 | asserted 0.53 |
| s6 | (2) The second opportunity involves measuring atmospheric mass-loss and extracting atmospheric composition and abundance ratio information for $\sim60$ sub-Neptunes and super-Earths (including candidate disintegrating planets) to constrain their formation and evolution histories. | contribution 0.65 | 0.08 | 0.09 | asserted 0.88 |
| s7 | These efforts would be made possible by the unparalleled combination of high spectral resolution instrumentation and large aperture size of the ELTs. | method 0.67 | 0.07 | 0.16 | hedged possibility 0.52 |
| s8 | This survey would enable the first statistical study of atmospheric circulation in extrasolar giant planets, and would provide detections of trace gases and measurements of atmospheric escape in small-planet atmospheres, far exceeding the reach of \textit{JWST}. | contribution 0.55 | 0.08 | 0.62 | asserted 0.80 |
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Original abstract
The best-characterized exoplanets to date are planets on close-in transiting orbits around their host stars. The high level of irradiation and transiting geometry of these objects make them ideal targets for atmospheric investigations. However, the modest apertures of many current telescopes allow mostly low resolution spectra to be observed for transiting planets, failing to extract key physical and chemical properties of their atmospheres. Ground-based 30-meter class telescopes will set the stage for a substantial leap in our understanding of exoplanet atmospheres. We outline a two-pronged survey, recently submitted as a Key Science Project (KSP) for the US ELTs, which would yield unprecedented insight into the atmospheres of close-in exoplanets via combined observations with the GMT and TMT. (1) The first opportunity involves measuring the global-scale atmospheric circulation and planetary rotation for a sample of 40 hot Jupiters to glean insight into the unique radiative forcing regime governing highly-irradiated, tidally-locked giant planets. (2) The second opportunity involves measuring atmospheric mass-loss and extracting atmospheric composition and abundance ratio information for $\sim60$ sub-Neptunes and super-Earths (including candidate disintegrating planets) to constrain their formation and evolution histories. These efforts would be made possible by the unparalleled combination of high spectral resolution instrumentation and large aperture size of the ELTs. This survey would enable the first statistical study of atmospheric circulation in extrasolar giant planets, and would provide detections of trace gases and measurements of atmospheric escape in small-planet atmospheres, far exceeding the reach of \textit{JWST}.
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This limitation suggests an obvious application of HRCCS: by probing at higher altitudes than low-resolution spectroscopy, HRCCS offers the opportunity to observe above the cloud deck and determine atmospheric composition and abundance ratios [ref] even for aerosol-dominated planets.
Retrieving Temperatures and Abundances of Exoplanet Atmospheres with High-Resolution Cross-Correlation Spectroscopy · Small Planet Atmospheres: Atmospheric Composition and Escape · 0.97
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