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A giant exoplanet orbiting a very low-mass star challenges planet formation models

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arxiv 1909.12174 v1 pith:7QQIU26W submitted 2019-09-26 astro-ph.EP astro-ph.SR

A giant exoplanet orbiting a very low-mass star challenges planet formation models

J. C. Morales , A. J. Mustill , I. Ribas , M. B. Davies , A. Reiners , F. F. Bauer , D. Kossakowski , E. Herrero
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E. Rodr\'iguez M. J. L\'opez-Gonz\'alez C. Rodr\'iguez-L\'opez V. J. S. B\'ejar L. Gonz\'alez-Cuesta R. Luque E. Pall\'e M. Perger D. Baroch A. Johansen H. Klahr C. Mordasini G. Anglada-Escud\'e J. A. Caballero M. Cort\'es-Contreras S. Dreizler M. Lafarga E. Nagel V. M. Passegger S. Reffert A. Rosich A. Schweitzer L. Tal-Or T. Trifonov M. Zechmeister A. Quirrenbach P. J. Amado E.W. Guenther H.-J. Hagen T. Henning S. V. Jeffers A. Kaminski M. K\"urster D. Montes W. Seifert F. J. Abell\'an M. Abril J. Aceituno F. J. Aceituno F. J. Alonso-Floriano M. Ammler-von Eiff R. Antona B. Arroyo-Torres M. Azzaro D. Barrado S. Becerril-Jarque D. Ben\'itez Z. M. Berdi\~nas G. Bergond M. Brinkm\"oller C. del Burgo R. Burn R. Calvo-Ortega J. Cano M. C. C\'ardenas C. Cardona Guill\'en J. Carro E. Casal V. Casanova N. Casasayas-Barris P. Chaturvedi C. Cifuentes A. Claret J. Colom\'e S. Czesla E. D\'iez-Alonso R. Dorda A. Emsenhuber M. Fern\'andez A. Fern\'andez-Mart\'in I. M. Ferro B. Fuhrmeister D. Galad\'i-Enr\'iquez I. Gallardo Cava M. L. Garc\'ia Vargas A. Garcia-Piquer L. Gesa E. Gonz\'alez-\'Alvarez J. I. Gonz\'alez Hern\'andez R. Gonz\'alez-Peinado J. Gu\`ardia A. Guijarro E. de Guindos A. P. Hatzes P. H. Hauschildt R. P. Hedrosa I. Hermelo R. Hern\'andez Arabi F. Hern\'andez Otero D. Hintz G. Holgado A. Huber P. Huke E. N. Johnson E. de Juan M. Kehr J. Kemmer M. Kim J. Kl\"uter A. Klutsch F. Labarga N. Labiche S. Lalitha M. Lamp\'on L. M. Lara R. Launhardt F. J. L\'azaro J.-L. Lizon M. Llamas N. Lodieu M. L\'opez del Fresno J. F. L\'opez Salas J. L\'opez-Santiago H. Mag\'an Madinabeitia U. Mall L. Mancini H. Mandel E. Marfil J. A. Mar\'in Molina E. L. Mart\'in P. Mart\'in-Fern\'andez S. Mart\'in-Ruiz H. Mart\'inez-Rodr\'iguez C. J. Marvin E. Mirabet A. Moya V. Naranjo R. P. Nelson L. Nortmann G. Nowak A. Ofir J. Pascual A. Pavlov S. Pedraz D. P\'erez Medialdea A. P\'erez-Calpena M. A. C. Perryman O. Rabaza A. Ram\'on Ballesta R. Rebolo P. Redondo H.-W. Rix F. Rodler A. Rodr\'iguez Trinidad S. Sabotta S. Sadegi M. Salz E. S\'anchez-Blanco M. A. S\'anchez Carrasco A. S\'anchez-L\'opez J. Sanz-Forcada P. Sarkis L. F. Sarmiento S. Sch\"afer M. Schlecker J. H. M. M. Schmitt P. Sch\"ofer E. Solano A. Sota O. Stahl S. Stock T. Stuber J. St\"urmer J. C. Su\'arez H. M. Tabernero S. M. Tulloch G. Veredas J. I. Vico-Linares F. Vilardell K. Wagner J. Winkler V. Wolthoff F. Yan M. R. Zapatero Osorio
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classification astro-ph.EP astro-ph.SR
keywords formationplanetaroundlow-massmodelsaccretionchallengesexoplanet
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Statistical analyses from exoplanet surveys around low-mass stars indicate that super-Earth and Neptune-mass planets are more frequent than gas giants around such stars, in agreement with core accretion theory of planet formation. Using precise radial velocities derived from visual and near-infrared spectra, we report the discovery of a giant planet with a minimum mass of 0.46 Jupiter masses in an eccentric 204-day orbit around the very low-mass star GJ 3512. Dynamical models show that the high eccentricity of the orbit is most likely explained from planet-planet interactions. The reported planetary system challenges current formation theories and puts stringent constraints on the accretion and migration rates of planet formation and evolution models, indicating that disc instability may be more efficient in forming planets than previously thought.

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