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On the Gauge Invariance of Cosmological Gravitational Waves
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The issue of the gauge invariance of gravitational waves arises if they are produced in the early universe at second-order in perturbation theory. We address it by dividing the discussion about the gauge invariance in three parts: the production of gravitational waves, their propagation in the real universe, and their measurement.
Forward citations
Cited by 8 Pith papers
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Observable Gravitational Wave Strain at Second Order
At second order, the gravitational-wave strain measured by geodesic observers exchanging light pulses is the transverse-traceless metric perturbation in the Newton gauge (h_N^(2)).
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General SIGW source for reheating dynamics
A gauge-invariant source term for scalar-induced gravitational waves is derived for smooth reheating with an inflaton field transitioning into fluids.
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Scalar-induced gravitational wave from domain wall perturbation
This paper derives, for the first time, the scalar-induced gravitational wave background sourced by domain wall perturbations, finding a resonant peak at the wall annihilation scale and a k^-16 high-frequency tail.
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How Well Do We Know the Scalar-Induced Gravitational Waves?
Non-Gaussian curvature perturbations, related to Gaussian ones by a logarithmic mapping, can make the scalar-induced gravitational wave background much larger or smaller than the standard quadratic calculation predicts.
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Scalar-induced gravitational waves from a box-shaped curvature power spectrum
Analytic SIGW spectra for a log-box curvature power spectrum: narrow-box geometric overlap factor turning IR slope k^{3}ln^{2}k into k^{2}ln^{2}k, plus broad-box product of universal edge functions.
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Implications for Pulsar Timing Arrays of Sub-solar Black Hole Detections: From LVK to Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer
A Bayesian analysis shows that a future sub-solar PBH detection would make the primordial SIGW interpretation of PTA data favored over the SMBH interpretation, but this preference is driven by the detection prior.
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On the Gauge Invariance of Secondary Gravitational Waves
The paper argues that discarding non-light-speed modes of the second-order tensor perturbation makes the induced gravitational wave energy density gauge-invariant in both adiabatic and isocurvature scenarios.
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Tensor induced gravitational waves
Second-order tensor-induced gravitational waves can shift the inferred parameters of small-scale primordial gravitational wave models fitted to NANOGrav 15-year data, with one model favored by Bayes factors.
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